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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Solomon J. E.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Phytochemical and Anti-Sickling Properties of Aqueous Extract of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Elephant Grass) Shoots Onwubiko U. I.; Imo C.; Onwubiko G. N.; Boyi R.N; Dawoye Y.; Galadima A. O.; Sanusi A.; Solomon J. E.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10474

Abstract

Sickle cell disease remains a major haematological disorder associated with haemoglobin S polymerization and erythrocyte sickling, highlighting the need to explore plant-derived compounds with potential anti-sickling activity. This study aimed to determine the anti-sickling potential of the aqueous extract of young shoots of Pennisetum purpureum using microscopy after 2% sodium metabisulphite-induced sickling of sickle red blood cells. The findings showed that Pennisetum purpureum extract significantly reversed many sickled cells to normal-shaped cells, with the percentage reversal depending on both concentration and exposure time. At 250 μg/mL, sickle cell reversal was 88.82% at 0 min, 86.09% at 30 min, and 85.19% at 60 min, whereas the control without extract showed no reversal. At 500 μg/mL, the reversal percentages were 80.14% at 0 min, 92.27% at 30 min, and 90.51% at 60 min. At 1000 μg/mL, reversal increased from 79.13% at 0 min to 94.82% at 30 min and 96.50% at 60 min. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of aromatic and alkylic compounds, including quercetin, epicatechin, resveratrol, vanillic acid, ellagic acid, and kaempferol. These compounds may contribute to anti-sickling activity through hydrophobic interactions that interfere with haemoglobin S polymerization and stabilize the hydrophobic erythrocyte lipid bilayer membrane. This study contributes to phytomedicine and sickle cell research by demonstrating the potential of Pennisetum purpureum young shoot extract as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-sickling properties, although further biochemical, toxicological, and clinical validation is required.
Phytochemical and Anti-Sickling Properties of Aqueous Extract of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Elephant Grass) Shoots Onwubiko U. I.; Imo C.; Onwubiko G. N.; Boyi R.N; Dawoye Y.; Galadima A. O.; Sanusi A.; Solomon J. E.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10474

Abstract

Sickle cell disease remains a major haematological disorder associated with haemoglobin S polymerization and erythrocyte sickling, highlighting the need to explore plant-derived compounds with potential anti-sickling activity. This study aimed to determine the anti-sickling potential of the aqueous extract of young shoots of Pennisetum purpureum using microscopy after 2% sodium metabisulphite-induced sickling of sickle red blood cells. The findings showed that Pennisetum purpureum extract significantly reversed many sickled cells to normal-shaped cells, with the percentage reversal depending on both concentration and exposure time. At 250 μg/mL, sickle cell reversal was 88.82% at 0 min, 86.09% at 30 min, and 85.19% at 60 min, whereas the control without extract showed no reversal. At 500 μg/mL, the reversal percentages were 80.14% at 0 min, 92.27% at 30 min, and 90.51% at 60 min. At 1000 μg/mL, reversal increased from 79.13% at 0 min to 94.82% at 30 min and 96.50% at 60 min. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of aromatic and alkylic compounds, including quercetin, epicatechin, resveratrol, vanillic acid, ellagic acid, and kaempferol. These compounds may contribute to anti-sickling activity through hydrophobic interactions that interfere with haemoglobin S polymerization and stabilize the hydrophobic erythrocyte lipid bilayer membrane. This study contributes to phytomedicine and sickle cell research by demonstrating the potential of Pennisetum purpureum young shoot extract as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-sickling properties, although further biochemical, toxicological, and clinical validation is required.
The Anti-Sickling and Oxidative Properties of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Scent Leaf) Onwubiko U. I.; Imo C.; Onwubiko G. N.; Dawoye Y.; Rayyanu S. S.; Solomon J. E.
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9092

Abstract

This study evaluated the anti-sickling potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum using microscopy-based assays. The extract markedly reversed 2% sodium metabisulfite–induced sickled red blood cells to normal biconcave forms, and microscopic observations indicated that the percentage reversal of sickled cells was both concentration- and time-dependent. At 250 μg/mL, the percentage reversal of sickled cells at 0, 20, and 30 minutes was 77.00%, 72.31%, and 71.77%, respectively, whereas the control (absence of extract) showed no reversal. At 500 μg/mL, the corresponding reversals were 76.19%, 69.60%, and 74.00%, while at 1000 μg/mL they were 71.49%, 75.92%, and 87.70%, respectively, demonstrating enhanced anti-sickling activity at higher extract concentrations over time. UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis of oxyhaemoglobin revealed a gradual increase in the 630 nm band, consistent with the oxidation of ferrous (Fe²⁺) oxyhaemoglobin to ferric (Fe³⁺) methaemoglobin; the absorbance peak at 650 nm, attributable to chlorophyll, was clearly distinguishable from the haemoglobin oxidation band at 630 nm. In addition, the ethanol leaf extract of O. gratissimum exhibited a stabilizing effect on erythrocyte haemolysis. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of aromatic and alkylic compounds, which may contribute to intracellular anti-sickling activity by interfering with haemoglobin S polymerization and, through their hydrophobic properties, may also modulate the erythrocyte lipid bilayer membrane.
Co-Authors Boyi R.N Dawoye Y. Galadima A. O. Imo C. Onwubiko G. N. Onwubiko U. I. Rayyanu S. S. Sanusi A.