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All Journal African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Egeonu US
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Assessment of People’s Perception on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Wukari, Taraba State Egeonu US; Asindaya GA; Andemam T; James S; Mgbemena N
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i2.9358

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria despite widespread awareness of the vaccine and its recognized role in preventing infection. This study evaluated the perceived causes of and possible preventive measures against COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 600 respondents selected using a multistage random sampling technique, of which 595 questionnaires were successfully retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and simple percentages. The findings showed that all respondents were aware of the COVID-19 vaccine, yet only 24.4% were willing to be vaccinated. Most respondents were aged 31–60 years (41.2%), with males constituting 65.5% and females 34.5% of the sample. The major perceived causes of vaccine hesitancy were fear of the unknown (26.9%), lack of trust in government (25.2%), and concerns about vaccine side effects (23.5%). The main measures suggested by respondents to reduce hesitancy included making COVID-19 vaccination compulsory (25.2%) and building trust between government and citizens. The study concludes that high awareness alone does not ensure vaccine acceptance, as perceptions shaped by fear, mistrust, and safety concerns remain significant barriers. These findings contribute context-specific evidence for public health planning and imply that extensive multi-target health campaigns and more inclusive engagement with target populations are necessary to address public concerns and improve vaccine acceptance.
Evaluation of the Factors Promoting Maternal Mortality in Wukari LGA Egeonu US; Boyi RN; Boyi BI; Adeoti II
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i2.10078

Abstract

Maternal mortality remains a major public health concern, particularly in non-urban African settings where socioeconomic, infrastructural, and cultural barriers continue to limit progress in reducing preventable maternal deaths. This study assessed the factors contributing to maternal mortality in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving structured questionnaires administered to 400 respondents selected through simple random sampling across the 10 wards of Wukari LGA. Interviews were also conducted with healthcare providers, traditional birth attendants, and community leaders. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, and inferential statistics through the chi-square test, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that socioeconomic factors, including low income, limited education, and distance to the nearest health facility, influenced maternal health outcomes. Cultural practices were also prevalent, particularly reliance on traditional birth attendants, reported by 319 respondents (82.4%), and home deliveries, reported by 161 respondents (41.6%). Hypothesis testing showed that socioeconomic factors, limited access to healthcare facilities, and cultural practices significantly influenced the prevalence of maternal mortality in Wukari LGA (p < 0.05). The study concludes that maternal mortality in Wukari LGA is driven by interconnected socioeconomic, infrastructural, and cultural factors. These findings contribute to maternal health research by highlighting the combined influence of household-level, health-system, and cultural determinants of maternal mortality. Practical implications include the need to upgrade health facilities, expand community education programs, subsidize maternal health services, and integrate traditional birth attendants into formal healthcare systems to reduce maternal mortality in Wukari LGA.
Comparative Hepatoprotective Effects of Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica, and Allium sativum Extracts against Diethyl Nitrosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats Egeonu US; Umaru I.J; Izam ED; Umaru K.I; Shadrach P
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v3i3.11824

Abstract

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and hepatocellular damage, highlighting the need to identify effective hepatoprotective agents. Although Carica papaya, Azadirachta indica, and Allium sativum possess recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, evidence regarding their combined hepatoprotective effects remains limited. This study compared the effects of their individual and combined extracts against DEN-induced liver injury in male albino Wistar rats. Rats weighing 150–200 g were allocated to six groups (n = 6): normal control, DEN-only, papaya extract, neem extract, garlic extract, and combined-extract groups. DEN was administered intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg once weekly for eight weeks. Ethanolic plant extracts prepared through Soxhlet extraction were administered orally at doses ranging from 100 to 400 mg/kg daily. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, malondialdehyde, and glutathione concentrations were assessed using standard biochemical assays, while liver tissues were evaluated histologically following hematoxylin and eosin staining. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with statistical significance established at p < 0.05. DEN exposure significantly increased liver enzymes, bilirubin, and malondialdehyde while reducing glutathione, confirming substantial hepatic injury. The individual extracts provided moderate protection, as demonstrated by partial normalization of biochemical markers and improved histological features. Hepatoprotection increased with dosage, with the strongest effects observed at 300–400 mg/kg. The combined extract produced the greatest protective effect, with biochemical indices approaching normal control values, improved antioxidant status, and restoration of hepatic architecture. These findings indicate that combining papaya, neem, and garlic extracts may provide greater hepatoprotection than administering the individual extracts against DEN-induced liver injury. The study supports further mechanistic and preclinical evaluation of this polyherbal formulation before its potential therapeutic application in liver-disease management.
Co-Authors Adeoti II Andemam T Asindaya GA Boyi BI Boyi RN Izam ED James S Mgbemena N Shadrach P Umaru I.J Umaru K.I