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Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman University
Humanities Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Pyrethroid Resistance in Aedes Mosquitoes in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Systematic Review 2005-2025 Shalvira Purnama; Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini; Mona Zubaidah; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides remain the primary vector control strategy for Aedes sp. mosquitoes, the principal vectors of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Understanding regional resistance patterns is crucial for effective vector management programs in endemic areas. Objective : To systematically review and synthesize evidence on pyrethroid insecticide resistance status in Aedes sp. populations in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2025. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Indonesian Publication Index, and grey literature sources were searched from January 2005 to October 2025. Studies reporting pyrethroid resistance in Aedes sp. from East Kalimantan were included. Data extraction followed PICO framework: Population (Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus), Intervention (pyrethroid exposure), Comparison (susceptible strains), and Outcome (resistance status, mortality rates, knockdown times, molecular markers). Quality assessment was performed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results : Eight studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing data from multiple districts in East Kalimantan. Confirmed pyrethroid resistance was documented in Ae. aegypti populations across the province. Permethrin resistance ratios (RR50) ranged from 4.08× to 127×, while deltamethrin resistance ranged from 4.37× to 72.20×. Banjarmasin populations showed mortality rates of 51.67% to permethrin and 68.33% to deltamethrin. High frequencies of kdr mutations (F1534C and V1016G) were detected, along with elevated metabolic enzyme activities. Synergist assays demonstrated significant involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases in resistance mechanisms. Conclusion/Lesson Learned :High-level pyrethroid resistance is widespread in Aedes aegypti across East Kalimantan, driven by both kdr and metabolic mechanisms, compromising current vector control efforts. Immediate adoption of insecticide resistance management—such as rotation, synergist use, and integrated vector management—is essential to restore control effectiveness and reduce dengue transmission risk.
Motivational Factors in Medical Major Selection and Learning Processof Medical Students at Universitas Mulawarman (2024/2025) Elsadai Pabatta; Dyah Ayu Dian Arini Masithoh; Muhammad Dzaki Habibi; Tomy Adrian Hefotaven Abdulloh; Muhammad Nasywaan Arshia Ramadhan; Emir Muhammad Hajid; Gregory WilterEmmanuel Nathan; Basa Rahelyia Pangaribuan; Amalia Basri; Vidya Hapsari Putri; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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The decision to pursue a medical major is influenced by multiple factors, such as personal interest, the desire to help others, family expectations, and societal perceptions of the profession’s prestige. These factors play a crucial role in shaping students’ motivation, commitment, and consistency throughout their medical education. This study aims to examine the influence of motivation in choosing a medical major on the learning process of medical students at Universitas Mulawarman. A quantitative research design was employed using a survey method involving 51 medical students from the Faculty of Medicine. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire developed based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), administered online via Google Forms, and analyzed using linear regression. The analysis revealed a positive relationship between students’ motivation in choosing the medical major and their learning process. Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations showed a significant influence on students’ engagement and consistency in academic activities, with intrinsic motivation demonstrating a stronger effect. The regression analysis indicated that motivation contributed significantly to variations in students’ learning behavior (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that students who choose the medical major based on intrinsic motivation tend to exhibit higher learning commitment and better adaptation throughout their studies. Therefore, understanding and fostering intrinsic motivation among medical students is essential for improving academic performance and enhancing the overall quality of medical education.
Design and Evaluation of an Elective Malaria Surveillance Module for Medical Education in East Kalimantan Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini; Mona Zubaidah; Khairunnida Rahma; Vera Madonna Lumban Toruan; Yuliana Rahmah Retnaningrum; Loly Rotua Dharmanita Siagian; Moriko Pratiningrum
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Malaria remains a significant public health burden in Indonesia, with over 230 million people in transmission risk areas. Strengthening surveillance systems is crucial for elimination, requiring competent health professionals. Objective : This study developed and validated a malaria surveillance elective module for East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This research employed a Research and Development design with a descriptive quantitative approach at the Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, from September 2024 to September 2025. The development process included needs analysis surveys distributed to medical students and lecturers, expert validation of content validity and media quality, and pilot implementation with pre-post knowledge assessments. The sample comprised 113 medical students from the 2024 cohort. Expert validation involved content specialists and media design experts who assessed the module using standardized rubrics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine feasibility scores, validity levels, and learning effectiveness Results : Needs analysis revealed high demand for contextualized malaria surveillance materials among students and lecturers. Expert validation yielded content feasibility and linguistic appropriateness scores of 60–80%, categorized as good to very good, while media validation confirmed design quality met educational standards. Pilot implementation with 106 students showed significant knowledge improvement, with scores increasing 46.96% from pretest average of 66 to post-test average of 97. Student attendance reached 84.8%, indicating strong engagement. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : The malaria surveillance module demonstrated strong validity and effectiveness in enhancing medical student competencies. It is contextually appropriate for endemic regions and recommended for integration into medical curricula to strengthen disease surveillance capabilities among future health professionals in Indonesia
Overview of Dysmenorrhea Severity and Management Choices amongFemale Medical Students at Universitas Mulawarman: 2024 Cohort Kalya Natriswa Putri Kinanthi; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Dysmenorrhea, a highly prevalent gynecological complaint that significantly interferes with daily activities Objective : prompted this study to investigate the severity levels and treatment preferences among female medical students from 
Analysis Effect Of Peer Pressure On Academic Performance And Mental Health Among Students Of The Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Mulawarman, Academic Year 2024/2025 Rakha Andhika Farras; Naufal Sulthan Al Yazid; Cecilia Florentina Sihotang; Muhammad Irfan; Amanda Amalya Putri; Galena Humairah Dahlan; Elsa Aulia Rahmawati; Grace Simanjuntak; Muhammad Arkan Ali Marwan; Raden Ayu Utami Wibowo; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Students often face academic pressures that significantly affect their grades, character, and overall well-being. Peer pressure, stemming from academic demands and competition, frequently leads to comparisons with peers, influencing both academic performance and mental health. Objective : This study explores the impact of peer pressure on academic achievement and mental health among students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, in the 2024/2025 academic year, and identifies strategies to manage it. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A correlational research design using quantitative methods was applied, with data collected via a Likert scale survey. The sample consisted of 69 students, with the sample size determined using the Krejcie and Morgan formula. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Results : The results indicate a strong positive correlation between peer pressure and its negative impact on academic performance (correlation coefficient: 0.683; Interval: 0.60–0.799). Similarly, a strong positive correlation was found between peer pressure and its negative impact on students' mental health (correlation coefficient: 0.726; Interval: 0.60–0.799). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : These findings suggest that peer pressure significantly affects both academic performance and mental well-being among medical students. While the results highlight the negative aspects of peer pressure, it is important to note that peer pressure can also motivate students and improve their performance. Future research should explore both the negative and positive impacts of peer pressure in more detail.
Effectiveness and Side Effects of Natural and Modern Contraceptives in Multiparous Indonesian Families: Systematic Review Shalvira Purnama; Saufa Ayudia Pratiwi; Vincent Christopher Pakendek; Tsabitha Ramadhani; Muhammad Awaludin Rachman; Arroyyani Shofiatun Nisa&#039;; Arifin Ilham Syafa&#039;at; Theodorus Sebastian De Rozari; Maryam Shabrina; Syarifah Saniinah Yasmine; Khairunnida Rahma
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Family planning enables couples to regulate childbirth and improve reproductive health. This systematic literature review compares the effectiveness and side effects of natural and modern contraceptive methods among multiparous families in Indonesia. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted through ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords "natural contraception," "modern contraception," "multiparity," "effectiveness," and "side effects." Nineteen articles published between 2015 and 2025 were analyzed. Findings indicate that modern contraceptive methods such as intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, pills, and surgical procedures (MOW and MOP) have higher effectiveness rates (98–99%) compared to natural methods including the calendar, cervical mucus, and withdrawal techniques (70– 95%). However, modern methods are often associated with minor side effects, such as menstrual irregularities, weight changes, and mood fluctuations, while serious complications are rare. Natural methods are generally free from physical side effects but carry a higher failure rate if not practiced consistently. Social, cultural, and economic factors strongly influence contraceptive choice among multiparous families. Although modern contraception is more effective, stigma, misinformation, and limited accessibility continue to hinder optimal utilization. Further large-scale analytical studies are required to assess long-term safety and to identify contextual factors that influence contraceptive decision-making in Indonesia.
PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN AEDES MOSQUITOES IN EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 2005-2025 Fitria Anggraini; Mona Zubaidah; Khairunnida Rahma; Shalvira Purnama
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30872/mictoph.v2i2.4486

Abstract

Background : Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides remain the primary vector control strategy for Aedes sp. mosquitoes, the principal vectors of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya (1). Understanding regional resistance patterns is crucial for effective vector management programs in endemic areas.Objective : To systematically review and synthesize evidence on pyrethroid insecticide resistance status in Aedes sp. populations in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2025.Research Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA 2020  guidelines (13). Multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Indonesian Publication Index were searched from January 2005 to October 2025. Studies reporting pyrethroid resistance in Aedes sp. from East Kalimantan were included. Data extraction followed PICO framework with quality assessment using modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Results : Eight studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 1,880 mosquitoes from multiple districts. Confirmed pyrethroid resistance was documented in Ae. aegypti populations across the province. Permethrin resistance ratios ranged from 4.08× to 127×, while deltamethrin resistance ranged from 4.37× to 72.20×. Mortality rates were 32.5-78.3% for permethrin and 41.7-82.1% for deltamethrin. High frequencies of kdr mutations (F1534C: 74.6%; V1016G: 69.2%) were detected, with 61.9%showing double mutations. Synergist assays demonstrated significant involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and esterases in resistance mechanisms.Conclusion : High-level pyrethroid resistance is widespread in Aedes aegypti populations throughout East Kalimantan Province, with both target-site and metabolic resistance mechanisms contributing to the phenotype. Current pyrethroid-based vector control strategies are likely compromised, necessitating urgent implementation of insecticide resistance management programs.
Entomological Identification of Aedes spp. Supporting Dengue Early Warning in Samarinda Khairunnida Rahma; Mona Zubaidah; Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini
Indonesian Red Crescent Humanitarian Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Red Crescent Humanitarian Journal
Publisher : Bulan Sabit Merah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56744/irchum.v5i1.128

Abstract

Dengue fever remains a major public health challenge in tropical urban areas and may increase following environmental disturbances and hydrometeorological disasters that create favorable mosquito breeding habitats. Baseline information on Aedes species may also contribute to preparedness and inform future vector surveillance strategies in vulnerable communities. This study aimed to identify the species composition of Aedes spp. collected using ovitraps in Lempake Subdistrict, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. A descriptive entomological survey was conducted in residential areas with previous dengue case reports. A total of 98 ovitraps were placed indoors and outdoors and monitored for seven days. Larvae collected from positive ovitraps were identified microscopically based on morphological identification keys. The results identified two medically important dengue vectors, namely Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. A total of 148 larvae were identified as Aedes aegypti, while 140 larvae were identified as Aedes albopictus. The slightly higher abundance of Aedes aegypti indicates the presence of both vector species within the residential environment, with Aedes aegypti being marginally more abundant during the surveillance period. The coexistence of both species demonstrates that dengue vectors are established in the study area. These findings provide baseline entomological information that may support continued vector surveillance and serve as a reference for future monitoring of changes in Aedes populations, including under environmental or disaster-related conditions.
Co-Authors Amalia Basri Amanda Amalya Putri Arifin Ilham Syafa&#039;at Arroyyani Shofiatun Nisa&#039; Basa Rahelyia Pangaribuan Cecilia Florentina Sihotang Dyah Ayu Dian Arini Masithoh Elsa Aulia Rahmawati Elsadai Pabatta Emir Muhammad Hajid Fitria Anggraini Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini Galena Humairah Dahlan Grace Simanjuntak Gregory WilterEmmanuel Nathan Kalya Natriswa Putri Kinanthi Loly Rotua Dharmanita Siagian Maryam Shabrina Mona Zubaidah Moriko Pratiningrum Muhammad Arkan Ali Marwan Muhammad Awaludin Rachman Muhammad Dzaki Habibi Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Nasywaan Arshia Ramadhan Naufal Sulthan Al Yazid Raden Ayu Utami Wibowo Rakha Andhika Farras Saufa Ayudia Pratiwi Shalvira Purnama Syarifah Saniinah Yasmine Theodorus Sebastian De Rozari Tomy Adrian Hefotaven Abdulloh Tsabitha Ramadhani Vera Madonna Lumban Toruan Vidya Hapsari Putri Vincent Christopher Pakendek Yuliana Rahmah Retnaningrum