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Muhamad Pelengkahu
Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Indonesian Satpol-PP Model: Lessons for Local Governance and Public Order Enforcement in Decentralized States Muhamad Pelengkahu; Rizjal Palengkahu; Fajri M Kasim
Journal of Law and Humanity Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Law and Humanity Studies
Publisher : Penerbit Mandalika Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59613/ptzvpd52

Abstract

Decentralized governance often creates a gap between regulatory authority and enforcement capacity at the local level. This study examines the Indonesian Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol-PP) as a model of subnational enforcement designed to address this challenge. This research employs a qualitative and comparative approach based on document analysis of legal frameworks, policy reports, and academic literature. It compares Satpol-PP with similar institutions in France, Germany, Canada, and the United States across key institutional dimensions. The findings show that Satpol-PP represents a hybrid civilian enforcement body operating under local government authority with administrative powers to enforce regional regulations and maintain public order. Compared to its international counterparts, Satpol-PP has a broader functional scope, strong political embeddedness, and a non-militarized character, though it faces challenges related to professionalism, legal clarity, and public legitimacy. Satpol-PP demonstrates that decentralized states can develop locally anchored, non-police enforcement mechanisms. While not universally replicable, its model offers valuable insights into institutional adaptability, civilian-based enforcement, and the importance of balancing local responsiveness with accountability and legal safeguards.
Co-Authors Fajri M Kasim Rizjal Palengkahu