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Hierarchical Factors Influencing Minimum Dietary Diversity Among Children Aged 6–23 Months: A Machine Learning Approach Devi Savitri Effendy
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v2i3.1163

Background: Dietary diversity is an important indicator for assessing diet quality in early childhood. Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is widely used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets among children aged 6–23 months, in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the achievement of MDD among children aged 6–23 months in Kendari City using a Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) approach. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 123 children selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and anthropometric measurements, covering maternal and child sociodemographic characteristics, child feeding practices, and continued breastfeeding status. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test, while predictive analysis was performed using the CRT algorithm with cross-validation. Results: To showed that 62.6% of children met the MDD criteria. Chi-square analysis indicated significant associations between maternal education (p = 0.001), number of children in the household (p = 0.002), and continued breastfeeding status (p = 0.005) with MDD achievement. The CRT model generated 15 nodes, including eight terminal nodes, with a risk estimate of 0.252 (SE = 0.039), indicating good classification performance. Maternal education emerged as the primary predictor, followed by continued breastfeeding status, child nutritional status (weight-for-age z-score), and child age. Children of highly educated mothers with good nutritional status who continued breastfeeding had the highest likelihood of achieving MDD. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of improving maternal nutrition literacy and supporting continued breastfeeding practices as strategies to enhance diet quality among young children at the community level.

Public Perception and Behavior Towards Leprosy in Endemic Areas Regency Touna Devi Savitri Effendy; Intan Tiara; Indri Reva Wardani
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v2i3.1333

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and remains a public health concern in endemic areas, including Tojo Una-Una Regency. The high prevalence of leprosy in this region is closely associated with community perceptions and behaviors that are often influenced by stigma and misconceptions surrounding the disease. Central Sulawesi Province is classified as a high-endemic area for leprosy. Although since 2019 the prevalence has declined to below 1 case per 10.000 population, sustained surveillance and vigilance remain essential, as the average prevalence is still approximately 0.95 per 10.000 population. Furthermore, Central Sulawesi continues to report several leprosy pockets over the last three reporting periods. Objectives: This study aims to describe community perceptions and behaviors related to leprosy in the endemic area of Tojo Una-Una Regency and to analyze the prevalence of leprosy cases based on secondary data from 2022. Methods: A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the 2022 Central Sulawesi Provincial Health Profile. Data were collected through document review and analyzed descriptively using tables and graphical presentations to illustrate leprosy prevalence. Results: The findings indicate that Tojo Una-Una Regency recorded the highest leprosy prevalence in 2022, at 2.36 per 10,000 population. This elevated prevalence is attributed to low levels of public awareness, persistent social stigma, and limited access to adequate health services and health education. Conclusion: Community misperceptions and behaviors play a significant role in sustaining the high prevalence of leprosy in Tojo Una-Una Regency. Therefore, leprosy control efforts in endemic areas must extend beyond medical interventions to include social, educational, and cultural approaches that actively engage communities. Integrated strategies involving health education, stigma reduction, strengthening of community health cadres, and improved access to health services are essential for sustainable leprosy control.

Analysis of The Prevalence of Stunting Rates in Provinsi Jawa Barat, Bandung Devi Savitri Effendy; Nur Azizah Rianty Gamoro; Nayla Azizah; Rencong Pandelaki
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): January - April
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v3i1.1534

Background: Stunting is a chronic growth disorder in children under five, defined as a height-for-age z-score below minus two standard deviations from the WHO Child Growth Standards median. Southeast Asia has one of the highest stunting burdens globally, and Indonesia remains among the countries with a high prevalence. Within West Java Province, Bandung Regency was reported as one of the districts with the fifth-highest stunting prevalence in 2022. Objectives: This study aims to describe the trend of stunting prevalence in West Java Province, with a particular focus on Bandung City, during the period 2018–2022. Methods: This study applied a quantitative descriptive approach to characterize stunting prevalence trends in West Java Province, with a specific focus on Bandung City. Secondary data were obtained from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) for West Java Province published by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The analysis used stunting prevalence estimates from 2018 to 2022 and summarized temporal patterns across the observation period. Results: The trend analysis indicated that stunting prevalence in Bandung City declined in 2019 to 27.1% but increased sharply in 2020 to 35%. These fluctuations suggest that stunting is not solely a nutritional problem but a multidimensional condition shaped by interrelated determinants. Key contributing factors include inadequate dietary intake, maternal and child health status, household socioeconomic constraints, and an unsupportive living environment. Limited access to health services, safe water, and adequate sanitation further exacerbates the risk of impaired linear growth. Conclusion: Stunting represents a complex public health issue reflecting nutritional, social, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. In Bandung City, prevalence decreased in 2019 but rose again in 2020 and remained above the WHO threshold in 2022, underscoring the need for integrated and sustained interventions. Keywords: stunting; prevalence; West Java; Bandung City; SSGI.

Diarrhea in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia: Descriptive Analysis 2020-2023 Devi Savitri Effendy; Nunung Sari
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v2i3.1408

Background: Diarrheal disease remains a major public health challenge in developing regions, including Indonesia, due to its strong association with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions. Nunukan Regency, characterized by its geographical and infrastructural constraints, continues to experience a substantial burden of diarrhea cases, particularly among vulnerable populations. Objectives: This study aimed to describe and analyze the temporal distribution of diarrhea cases in Nunukan Regency from 2020 to 2023 in order to identify trends and highlight implications for public health interventions. Methods: A descriptive observational study design was employed using secondary surveillance data on reported diarrhea cases in Nunukan Regency for the period 2020–2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of a bar chart to illustrate annual trends in diarrhea incidence. Results: The findings indicate a fluctuating trend in diarrhea cases over the study period. A total of 1,536 cases were reported in 2020, followed by a substantial increase to 3,371 cases in 2021. In 2022, the number of cases declined to 2,903, and a more pronounced reduction was observed in 2023, with 1,257 reported cases. Despite the decreasing trend in the latter years, the overall incidence of diarrhea remained relatively high. Conclusion: Diarrhea continues to represent a significant public health concern in Nunukan Regency, as evidenced by persistently high case numbers and notable annual fluctuations. Sustained and integrated interventions focusing on improving access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene practices are essential to achieve long-term reductions in diarrheal disease incidence in the region.

Distribution Patterns of Tuberculosis in South Sumatra: A Descriptive Analysis from 2019 to 2023 Devi Savitri Effendy; Sri Ramdayani Apdi; Syahlani; Sumarniyati; Reva Muftira Jamil
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v2i3.1422

Background: Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest rate of tuberculosis burden in the world, ranking second globally. Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the global health problems that can have a major impact on quality of life, with higher mortality rates and lower recovery rates due to poorer medication adherence. Objective: This study aims to describe the distribution of tuberculosis cases in the South Sumatra Province area during the 2019–2023 period based on secondary data from the South Sumatra Provincial Health Profile. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive approach by analyzing secondary data sourced from the South Sumatra Provincial Health Profile document. Data is analyzed in the form of graphs and tables and described narratively to identify patterns and trends of cases. Results: Tuberculosis cases are flaxative from year to year. A decrease in cases was recorded in certain years, but some indicators such as maternal mortality remained high. Geographical factors, limited health facilities, and socio-cultural factors are expected to be the main contributors to this trend. Conclusion: The distribution of tuberculosis cases in South Sumatra is influenced by several factors and shows the need to increase control efforts evenly throughout the region.

Analysis of the Number of Pregnant Women Suffering from Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Palu City: 2023-2024 Devi Savitri Effendy; Evi Fitriani; Wiwid Arsanda
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v3i2.1335

Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a significant public health concern due to its adverse effects on both maternal and fetal health. In Indonesia, the prevalence of CED among pregnant women remains relatively high, particularly in areas with limited access to healthcare services. Objective: This study aimed to describe the distribution of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women in Palu City during the 2023–2024 period based on secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of Palu City. Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Central Sulawesi Province. The data analyzed included the number of pregnant women affected by Chronic Energy Deficiency. Data were presented graphically and analyzed descriptively to identify patterns and trends, which were subsequently interpreted narratively. Results: The findings revealed fluctuations in the number of pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency between 2023 and 2024. Overall, a decrease in the number of CED cases was observed during the study period. Geographical conditions, limited healthcare facilities, and socio-cultural factors were identified as potential contributors to the observed trends. Conclusion: Chronic Energy Deficiency before and during pregnancy can increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes, particularly low birth weight. Although annual variations were observed, the persistent occurrence of CED among pregnant women highlights the urgent need for sustainable interventions, especially in areas with limited access to healthcare services. Keywords: Pregnant Women; Chronic Energy Deficiency; Malnutrition; Low Birth Weight; Healthcare Accessibility; Indonesia.

Descriptive Epidemiological Study of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence in Sampara Public Health Center, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Devi Savitri Effendy; Zaskia Putri Rahmadani; Sitti Syaqinah Rahmatiah MZ; Waode Siti Nur Aisyah Cahyani
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v3i2.1787

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, causing more than 100.000 deaths annually. Despite ongoing control efforts, the treatment success rate in several regions remains below the national target. In 2023, Kolaka Regency, which borders Konawe Regency, reported more than 800 TB cases with a treatment success rate of 85%, lower than the national target of 90%. During the period 2021–2025, the Sampara Community Health Center recorded 42 confirmed TB cases, highlighting the continued burden of the disease in the area. Objective: This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the working area of the Sampara Community Health Center, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using secondary data obtained from tuberculosis records at the Sampara Community Health Center. A total of 42 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were included in the study through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively to characterize patients according to demographic, clinical, diagnostic, treatment, and geographical variables. Results: The majority of tuberculosis patients were male (66.7%), and the most affected age group was 51–60 years (31.0%). Most cases were classified as new cases (66.7%) and were bacteriologically confirmed (66.7%). Pulmonary involvement was observed in 95.2% of patients. All patients received Category 1 anti-tuberculosis drug (OAT) therapy. The most common treatment outcome was treatment completion (54.8%). HIV status was unknown in the majority of patients (81.0%), while positive chest radiography findings were reported in 59.5% of cases. Geographically, TB cases were distributed across nearly all villages within the health center’s service area, with the highest proportion reported in Andepali Village (14.3%). Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis remains widely distributed in the Sampara Community Health Center service area, predominantly affecting middle-aged and older adult males. The high proportion of new and bacteriologically confirmed cases underscores the need for strengthened surveillance, early case detection, improved HIV testing coverage, and enhanced treatment adherence strategies to achieve better tuberculosis control outcomes. Keywords: Tuberculosis; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Epidemiology; Antitubercular Agents; HIV Infection; Community Health Center

Distribution of Hypertension Cases Among the Productive-Age Population in the Wanggudu Raya Community Health Center Catchment Area, Asera District, North Konawe Regency Devi Savitri Effendy; Rahmi Fauziyah; Lustina Lustina; Normalisa Normalisa
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v3i2.1772

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases experienced by people around the world. The occurrence of hypertension is influenced by various risk factors such as age, gender, occupation, and level of education. Objective: To describe hypertension cases at Wanggudu Raya Health Center based on gender, age, occupation, and education variables. Methods: This research is descriptive in nature and was carried out at Wanggudu Raya Health Center in 2024. The data used were secondary data obtained from medical records of hypertension patients during that year. The population in this study amounted to 193 people. Results: The characteristics of hypertension sufferers were dominated by female patients aged 45–59 years. The majority of respondents were housewives with a senior high-school education level. Conclusion: The population most affected by hypertension in the Wanggudu Raya Health Center working area consisted of women aged 45–59 years, working as housewives, and having a senior high-school education level. Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Educational Status, Medical Records

Description of Hypertension Incidence in the Working Area of Kambowa Community Health Center, North Buton Regency Devi Savitri Effendy; Wa Zul; Akhmad Saleh; Umar Marzuki
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v3i2.1775

Background: Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure in the blood vessels reaches 140/90 mmHg or higher. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activity contribute significantly to the development of hypertension. This disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide because it is usually asymptomatic but can cause sudden death. According to a 2019 WHO report, approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30 to 79 suffer from hypertension. Globally, hypertension is estimated to affect around 22% of the world's population, with about two-thirds of sufferers coming from low- to middle-income countries. In 2015, it was estimated that one in four men and one in five women suffered from hypertension. Objective: To provide an overview of the distribution of hypertension based on available data obtained from secondary health profile data in the working area of the Kambowa Community Health Center in 2024. Methods: This study used a quantitative descriptive approach using data collected from the Kambowa Community Health Center in North Buton District in 2024. Results: Based on the analysis, the highest prevalence of hypertension was found in women, namely 10.67%, with 4% receiving health services. The highest prevalence was found in Lahumako Village, namely 31 people (42%). Conclusion: Analysis of hypertension based on gender shows that women are more vulnerable than men and are influenced by factors such as service provision and place of residence. In terms of health services, there are limitations in facilities, a lack of competent health workers, irregular recording and reporting, and a lack of coordination between programs and sectors. In addition, limited human resources, suboptimal targeting processes, and low public awareness also play a role. The distribution of hypertension based on place of residence shows that Lahumoko Village has the highest number of patients, while Bubu Barat Village has the lowest number of patients, while other villages show relatively balanced figures. Keywords: Hypertension, blood pressure, prevalence, women, health services.

Overview of the Initial Implementation of the Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) and the Readiness of Health Infrastructure at SDN 52 Kendari Devi Savitri Effendy; Afifah Azhari Dzulzahabiyyah; Inayah Fadhillah Silondae; Syarah Wahyuni Iriadi; Rahmat Bahnan; Amelia Putri
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): May - August
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v3i2.1799

Background: The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) is one of the Indonesian government’s initiatives to improve students’ nutritional status and overall health in elementary schools. The program aims to address malnutrition issues, enhance students’ concentration during learning, and foster healthy eating habits from an early age. However, the success of MBG implementation does not rely solely on the provision of nutritious food but also on the readiness of school health infrastructure, including the availability of clean water, a functional school health unit (UKS) room, hygienic eating facilities, and proper waste management systems. Objective: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the early implementation of the MBG program and assess the readiness of school health infrastructure at SDN 52 Kendari. Methods: This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using a survey approach with a closed-ended questionnaire. Respondents included teachers, parents, and students, totaling 154 participants. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS software to obtain frequency and percentage distributions for each indicator. Results: The results showed that the initial implementation of the MBG program at SDN 52 Kendari has been running effectively (78%), particularly in terms of regular food distribution, cleanliness during food preparation, and school involvement in monitoring food quality. Nevertheless, several infrastructure aspects still require improvement, such as handwashing facilities, toilet cleanliness, and food waste management. Conclusion: Overall, the implementation of the MBG program has had a positive impact on improving students’ learning motivation and strengthening cooperation between schools, parents, and the surrounding community. These findings indicate that the success of the MBG program cannot be separated from adequate supporting infrastructure. Therefore, continuous collaboration among local governments, schools, and communities is essential to strengthen health facilities and ensure the sustainability of the MBG program in the future. Keywords: Free Nutritious Meal Program, School Health Infrastructure, Nutritional Status, Program Implementation.

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