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All Journal Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Journal of Epidemiology and Health Sciences
Surya Cipta Ramadhan Kete
Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Indonesia
Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Microplastic Contamination in Drinking Water: A Review Abdul Rahman; Ramadhan Tosepu; Surya Cipta Ramadhan Kete; Asnia Zainuddin; Mubarak; Ranno Marlany Rachman
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v2i3.1689

Abstract

Background: Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 µm that persist in the environment and resist natural degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of microplastics in various environmental media, including drinking water. This contamination raises public health concerns because microplastics can enter the human body through daily water consumption and may carry hazardous chemical substances, potentially causing long-term health effects. Objective: This study aims to examine the presence, characteristics, and potential health risks of microplastic contamination in drinking water through a systematic literature review. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the keywords microplastic, drinking water, bottled water, and health risk. Data were analyzed descriptively, focusing on microplastic types, particle sizes, polymer composition, and identification methods. Results: Microplastics were detected in bottled water, refill drinking water, and tap water in several countries, including Indonesia. The dominant forms were fragments and fibers, with sizes ranging from 0.01 µm to >5 µm. The most common polymers were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Identification methods included filtration, microscopy, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS. Potential health risks include inflammation, oxidative stress, digestive disorders, and carcinogenic effects. Conclusion: Microplastics are confirmed contaminants in drinking water and may pose risks to public health. Strengthened monitoring, standardized detection methods, improved water treatment technologies, and public awareness are essential to reduce exposure.
Microplastic Contamination and Exposure in Gastropods: A Literature Review Nadia Dwihajra Musrin; Ramadhan Tosepu; Ranno Marlany Rachman; Asnia Zainuddin; Surya Cipta Ramadhan Kete; Ridwan Adi Surya
Journal of Epidemiology and Health Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jehs.v2i3.1690

Abstract

Background: Microplastic contamination in waterways continues to increase and has been detected in various gastropod species. Living on the seabed makes gastropods susceptible to accumulating microplastics, which can potentially impact the health of organisms and become a route of exposure for humans through the consumption of seafood. Objective: Reviewing the literature on microplastic contamination levels in gastropods, the shapes and types of polymers accumulated, and their implications for human health. Method: The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) followed the PRISMA guidelines, using articles from Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar (2014–2024) with criteria for empirical studies of microplastics in gastropods and related marine biota. Results: Gastropods in various locations were found to contain microplastics, predominantly in the form of fibers, fragments, and films, with PE and PP as the main polymers. The reported sizes varied, ranging from 100 nm–10 µm in Bellamya aeruginosa to 0.250–5 mm in Cerithidea obtusa. This exposure has the potential to affect the health of organisms and increase the risk of transfer of hazardous chemicals to humans. Conclusion: Gastropods serve as bioindicators of microplastic pollution and a route of exposure for humans. Controlling plastic pollution, monitoring marine products, educating the public, and harmonizing analytical methods are key to reducing ecological and health risks.
Co-Authors Abdul Rahman Asnia Zainuddin Asnia Zainuddin Mubarak Nadia Dwihajra Musrin Ramadhan Tosepu Ramadhan Tosepu Ranno Marlany Rachman Ranno Marlany Rachman Ridwan Adi Surya