Wa Ode Salma
Faculty of Public Health, Master of Public Health Study Program, Halu Oleo University, Address: Jl. H. E. Mokodompit, Anduonohu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia

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Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Review Hardianto; Wa Ode Salma; Jafriati; La Ode Muuhammad Sety; Asriati; Asnia Zainuddin
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v2i3.1803

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a significant global health problem, particularly in middle- and low-income countries. The comorbidity of TB and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing as both conditions influence each other through immunological and metabolic mechanisms. Chronic hyperglycemia in DM can impair immune function, thereby increasing susceptibility to mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and worsening TB treatment outcomes. Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the risk factors contributing to the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis based on the latest scientific evidence from the past five years. Method:  This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA. The articles analyzed were obtained from various scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect) within the last five years (2020–2025). The keywords used include: Diabetes Mellitus, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Risk Factors, and Comorbidities. The data were analyzed descriptively to identify similarities and differences in results among the studies. Results: A total of ten articles that met the inclusion criteria showed that advanced age, obesity, poor nutritional status, a family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and irregular glycemic control are dominant factors that increase the risk of DM in pulmonary TB patients. Low socioeconomic status, unhealthy lifestyle, and low education levels also exacerbate the risk of TB-DM comorbidity. Results from various studies indicate that patients with DM have longer TB treatment durations, higher relapse rates, and lower cure rates compared to patients without DM. Conclusion:  The relationship between pulmonary TB and diabetes mellitus is reciprocal and complex, involving biological, social, and behavioral factors. An integrated control approach is needed through dual screening, nutritional education, blood glucose management, and cross-sector collaboration to reduce incidence rates and improve treatment success for TB-DM in the community.  
Analysis of the Implementation of Minimum Service Standard Policies on Inpatient Service Performance in Hospitals: Literature Review Yulya Lasmita; Wa Ode Salma; Jumakil; Nani Yuniar; Adius Kusnan; Hilda Harun
Journal of Health Science and Pharmacy Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September - December
Publisher : Yayasan Cipta Anak Bangsa (YCAB) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/jhsp.v2i3.1894

Abstract

Background: Minimum Service Standards (SPM) are mandatory policy instruments implemented in hospitals to ensure service quality, measurability, and patient safety. However, the application of SPM in inpatient units varies among hospitals due to differences in human resources, infrastructure availability, and operational mechanisms. These inconsistencies may affect service quality and overall hospital performance, indicating the need for a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of SPM implementation based on original research evidence. Objective: This study aims to analyze original research findings related to the implementation of SPM and Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policies and their association with inpatient service performance in hospitals. Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA. Relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 were identified from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect using keywords related to SPM, KRIS policy, hospitals, policy implementation, and inpatient service performance. Results: The review indicates that SPM and KRIS implementation generally improves inpatient service performance, particularly patient satisfaction and compliance with service standards. Nevertheless, some studies reported discrepancies between SPM achievement and service quality, reflecting uneven implementation. KRIS success is influenced by facility readiness, human resource competence, and structural compliance, while challenges include infrastructure limitations and SOP adjustments. Conclusion: SPM and KRIS strengthen inpatient service performance, but optimal outcomes require adequate infrastructure, competent human resources, aligned SOPs, and strong policy support.