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Garnadi Jafar
Universitas Bhakti Kencana, Indonesia
Dentistry Health Professions Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Nanophytosome delivery model based on a combination of bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) and binahong (anredera cordifolia) extracts in gel formulation as a therapy for diabetic ulcers Arip Saifurrohman; Garnadi Jafar; Entis Sutrisno
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2314

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated with various complications, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which may lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death. Natural-based topical therapies have potential to support DFU healing; however, the limited solubility and permeability of active compounds, particularly polar phytochemicals, often reduce their therapeutic effectiveness. Nanophytosomes, a phospholipid–phytoconstituent complex system, are considered capable of enhancing the stability and penetration of herbal compounds. This study aimed to design and develop nanophytosomes containing a combination of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia), characterize the system, incorporate it into a gel formulation, and evaluate its wound-healing activity in a diabetic wound model. The study involved preparation of nanophytosomes from the combined extracts followed by characterization of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and particle morphology. The nanophytosome system was then formulated into a gel and evaluated for physical quality parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. Wound-healing activity was assessed using a diabetic wound model in experimental animals by observing wound closure and histological parameters. The expected results include the formation of nanophytosomes with favorable physicochemical characteristics, a stable gel formulation, and improved diabetic wound healing compared with the control group. It is anticipated that the nanophytosome gel combining S. polyanthum and A. cordifolia extracts may serve as a promising innovative topical therapy for DFU.
Nanophytosome delivery system and in vivo test of combination of binahong leaf extract (Andredera cordifolia) and bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) as a diabetic wound healer Arip Saifurrohman; Garnadi Jafar; Entris Sutrisno; Fathurahman Ari Senjaya
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2326

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanophytosome system containing combined extracts of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia), and to evaluate its wound healing activity through in vivo study. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol and characterized through phytochemical screening and LC-MS/MS analysis. Nanophytosomes were formulated using phospholipid complexes with variations of surfactants, followed by homogenization and sonication. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The results showed that particle size ranged from 16.30 to 927.18 nm, with the smallest size observed in Tween 80-based formulation. The polydispersity index ranged from 0.20 to 0.86, indicating better homogeneity in Tween 80 systems. Zeta potential values ​​were in the range of −6 to −17 mV, suggesting moderate stability. Entrapment efficiency was high in all formulations (92.5–97.3%), with the highest value observed in Cremophor-based formulation. In vivo evaluation demonstrated that the nanophytosome significantly accelerated wound healing compared to control groups, as indicated by faster wound contraction and improved tissue regeneration. In conclusion, the nanophytosome system enhanced the physicochemical properties and delivery of bioactive compounds, showing potential as an effective therapeutic approach for wound healing.
219-13FR Sacha inchi oil-based nanoemulsion of bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (anredera cordifolia) extracts and in vitro release using a dialysis membrane Dudy Agustian Hidayat; Garnadi Jafar; Winasih Rachmawati; Rieztya Aliza; Sulthan Abdul Basith Ratmoko
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2327

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and characterize a nanoemulsion system containing combined extracts of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) and binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia) using sacha inchi oil, and to evaluate its in vitro release profile using a dialysis membrane method. The extracts were prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol and characterized through physicochemical and phytochemical analyses. Nanoemulsions were formulated using Cremophor RH40 and PEG 400, followed by homogenization and sonication. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and morphology. The results showed that the optimized formulation (NEC5) exhibited the smallest particle size (130.06 ± 56.66 nm), acceptable PDI (0.45 ± 0.12), and moderate zeta potential (−14.15 ± 4.88 mV), indicating good stability. Morphological analysis confirmed spherical and uniformly distributed droplets. In vitro release studies demonstrated an initial burst release followed by a more controlled release pattern, with the nanoemulsion showing more stable release compared to the extract. In conclusion, the nanoemulsion system successfully improved the physicochemical properties and controlled release behavior of the plant extracts, indicating its potential as an effective delivery system for plant-derived bioactive compounds.
Formulation and characterization of nanoparticles combination of binahong leaves and bay leaves as a thin oral herbal preparation for diabetes prevention Eka Priana; Garnadi Jafar; R. Herni Kusriani; Intan Meilani; Ranti Fitriani
Science Midwifery Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Health Sciences and related fields
Publisher : Institute of Computer Science (IOCS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/midwifery.v14i1.2328

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with a steadily increasing prevalence globally. Binahong leaves (Anrederacordifolia) and bay leaves (Syzygiumpolyanthum) contains flavonoids, such as kaempferol, which have the potential as antidiabetics, but its use is limited by the low solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the active compounds. This study aims to formulate and characterize a nanoparticle herbal medicine combining the two leaves using PlantCrystal technology, and develop it into an oral thin herbal preparation. The simplicia was processed through sorting, washing, drying, grinding, and sieving, then characterized and screened for phytochemicals. The nanoparticle herbal medicine was evaluated based on particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and particle morphology. The membrane lysis release test showed an increase in the release of active substances compared to the simplicia. Furthermore, the formulation was developed into an oral thin herbal and evaluated for its physical properties, including organoleptic, water content, pH, film thickness, fold resistance, weight uniformity, and disintegration time.
Co-Authors Arip Saifurrohman Dudy Agustian Hidayat Eka Priana Entis Sutrisno Entris Sutrisno Fathurahman Ari Senjaya Intan Meilani R. Herni Kusriani Ranti Fitriani Rieztya Aliza Sulthan Abdul Basith Ratmoko Winasih Rachmawati