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Perkembangan Dalam Kelaikan Tabrak Superstruktur Bus: Dari Kepatuhan Regulasi Hingga Perlindungan Penumpang Holistik Pada Bus Konvensional Dan Listrik Naufal Aflah Hibatullah; Mochamad Iqbal Rokhim; Muhammad Khoirur Rijal; Slamet Raharjo
BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu (INPRESS)
Publisher : CV. Multi Kreasi Media

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Abstract

Bus accidents continue to contribute significantly to global transportation fatality statistics, particularly in developing countries where human factors and infrastructure conditions play a major role. A comprehensive synthesis of bus superstructure crashworthiness technologies is presented by tracing their evolution from basic regulatory compliance toward the challenges of future technological adaptation. While the UN ECE R66 standard has established a well-defined framework for rollover protection, a review of the literature reveals a substantial gap in frontal impact standards, leading to the adoption of truck regulations (UN ECE R29) that are often incompatible with the flat-front geometry of buses. The discussion focuses on recent findings related to validated virtual testing methodologies, innovative structural reinforcement strategies such as seat-to-pillar integration, and the critical role of occupant restraint systems in mitigating secondary injuries. Furthermore, the transition toward electric buses is identified as introducing new challenges associated with high-voltage battery protection and the brittle failure characteristics of lightweight composite materials. It is concluded that future safety paradigms must evolve beyond merely preserving occupant survival space toward a holistic approach that integrates structural optimization, occupant biomechanics, and energy storage system protection.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Staf Pengajar Vokasi Melalui Pelatihan Intensif Perancangan Mesin Dengan Sistem CAD Model 3D Naufal Aflah Hibatullah; Mochamad Iqbal Rokhim; Muhammad Khoirur Rijal; Slamet Raharjo; Muhammad Ihsan Al Qodar; Nor Fajri
AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 12 : Januari (2026): AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : CV. Multi Kreasi Media

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Competency in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 3D–based design is a vital foundation in modern vocational engineering education. However, a major challenge in practice is the lack of uniform competency standards among teaching staff, where intuitive modeling practices are often found that are not fully defined, resulting in low design data integrity. This program aims to standardize such technical competencies through intensive training based on the Certified SolidWorks Associate (CSWA) curriculum. The program was conducted entirely in an offline setting over 65 instructional hours, covering fundamental topics ranging from design intent philosophy and parametric sketching to assembly validation using standard mates. The results demonstrate a perfect quantitative outcome, with 100% of participants successfully passing the examination and obtaining the international CSWA certification. This success indicates that structured training interventions are effective in equalizing participants’ competencies. The strategic implication of this program is the establishment of a uniform teaching standard among vocational lecturers, which ultimately ensures that graduates possess digital design literacy aligned with modern industrial best practices.
Evaluasi Numerik Kelaikan Tabrak Susunan Tabung Persegi Berdinding Tipis Untuk Kendaraan Rel Urban Muhammad Khoirur Rijal; Slamet Raharjo; Mochamad Iqbal Rokhim; Naufal Aflah Hibatullah
BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): BULLET : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu (INPRESS)
Publisher : CV. Multi Kreasi Media

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Abstract

Energy absorbers in railway vehicle crash zones should provide sufficient energy-absorption capacity while limiting the forces transmitted to the supporting structure. This study evaluates an array of thin-walled aluminium square tubes as an energy-absorbing module for a light urban rail vehicle at the component level. Seven configurations based on commercially available extrusions were evaluated analytically, followed by explicit dynamic finite-element analysis of the selected configuration. The design case used an equivalent mass of 9,000 kg and an initial velocity of 7.0 m/s, corresponding to an initial kinetic energy of 220.5 kJ. The screening process resulted in a configuration consisting of six 6063-T6 aluminium tubes with dimensions of 76.2 × 76.2 × 1.95 mm and a length of 964 mm. The single-tube simulation exhibited progressive folding with a peak crushing force of 68 kN and a mean crushing force of 35 kN, with the latter differing by 2.0% from the analytical prediction. For the six-tube configuration, the peak crushing force and mean crushing force were 402 kN and 208 kN, respectively, with a crush-force efficiency of 0.52. The module absorbed 150 kJ, corresponding to approximately 68% of the initial kinetic energy, and achieved a specific energy absorption of 16.5 kJ/kg. The results indicate that the proposed configuration has potential as an energy-absorbing component for urban rail vehicles. However, experimental validation, deformable supporting-structure modelling, and evaluation under non-axial impact conditions are required before its performance can be assessed at the full-vehicle level.