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All Journal Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning TSAQOFIYA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab
Nursafira Lubis Safian
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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Images Of Islam’s Enemies Portrayed In the Arabic Poem Of Ka'ab Ibn Malik: A Representation-Based Analysis In The Prophetic Biography Context Nurul Iman Mohamad Anuar Kamal; Mohamad Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari; Anwar Muttaqin; Ezad Azraai Jamsari; Md Nor Abdullah; Nursafira Lubis Safian
Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning Vol 9, No 2 (2026): Ijaz Arabi: Journal Of Arabic Learning
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/ijazarabi.v9i2.40121

Abstract

War poetry in the early Islamic era functioned as a historical record as well as a cultural instrument that helped shape, identity and define morality, while  framing the perception of an ‘enemy’. However, current research on Kaʿab ibn Malik’s poetry had focused largely on textual, stylistic or biographical aspects, with limited attention to how the enemy’s images are linguistically constructed and ideologically expressed in his poetry. This gap limits a deeper understanding of how early Islamic poetic discourse participated in the formation of collective memory and social boundaries. This study aimed to identify the various categories of enemy representation in Kaʿab’s war poetry, analyse the linguistic and rhetorical strategies used to construct these images, and evaluate their ideological functions in the Prophetic biography based on a socio-historical context. This qualitative study employed a textual analysis guided by Representation Theory and Enemy Image Theory. The findings reveal six dominant patterns, namely betrayal, cowardice, aggression, doctrinal threat, resistance to the prophetic mission, and moral disgrace. These categories interact to create a unified ideological narrative in which the Muslim community is elevated through moral legitimacy, while its opponents are severely limited through strategic othering. This study also revealed that Kaʿab ibn Malik’s poetry is a literary expression and a structured discourse that reinforces collective identity, moral cohesion and the early Muslim community’s worldview.
The Difficulties of Al-Adab Wa Al-Nusus Al-Arabiyyah Subject Among STAM Students Of Maahad Amir Indera Petra Mariah Qibtiah Hashim; Nursafira Lubis Safian; Badri Najib Zubir
TSAQOFIYA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Tsaqofiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab UIN Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/tsaqofiya.v8i1.1102

Abstract

Al-Adab wa Al-Nusus is one of the subjects for Malaysian Higher Islamic Religious Certificate (Sijil Tinggi Agama Malaysia – STAM) and it is dealing with Arabic history and literary texts. The subject allows students to get to know the beauty of Arabic Language, especially the poems which encourage students’ interest in Arabic literature. This research aims to identify the difficulties faced by the students when learning Al-Adab wa Al-Nusus subject as well as to determine the strategies used by the students in facing those difficulties. This research adopted the qualitative method by using semi-structured interviews for data collection. The participants were fifty students whom registered the Malaysian Higher Islamic Religious Certificate (STAM) from Maahad Amir Indra Petra. This research has found five problems in learning Al-Adab wa Al-Nusus Subject which are: the difficulties in understanding the content of the subject, and the format of examination, the numerous information of the content, the boring teaching method, the lack of desire of students about the subject. Among the strategies being used in facing those problems are consulting the teachers frequently, focusing on the content of the lesson while in the classroom, using song in memorizing the poetry, understanding the content before memorization, making a discussion with friends, and taking additional notes, so that the students could have a better understanding in learning Al-Adab wa Al-Nusus Subject.
Co-Authors Anwar Muttaqin Badri Najib Zubir Ezad Azraai Jamsari Mariah Qibtiah Hashim Md Nor Abdullah Mohamad Zulfazdlee Abul Hassan Ashari Nurul Iman Mohamad Anuar Kamal