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All Journal Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Jurnal Fisika
Aditya Prapanca
Global Atmosphere Watch Bukit Kototabang, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Agam, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics

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Response of PM2.5 Concentrations at the GAW Bukit Kototabang Station to ENSO Phases Based on Superimposed Epoch Analysis Dodi Saputra; Nofri Yendri Sudiar; Dhiyaul Qalbi; Aditya Prapanca
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 27 No. 02 (2026): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol27-iss02/666

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the response of PM2.5 concentrations and rainfall to the El Niño and La Niña phases at the Global Atmosphere Watch Bukit Kototabang station, West Sumatra, using the Superposed Epoch Analysis method. Observational data of PM2.5 from the Beta Attenuation Monitor  1020, rainfall from the Automatic Agroclimate Weather Station, and sea surface temperature in the Niño 3.4 region were analyzed for the period October 2021 to May 2025. A total of 31 extreme rainfall events were identified as reference points (epochs) and classified into El Niño and La Niña periods. The results show that during the La Niña phase, an average rainfall increase of 41.1 mm effectively reduces PM2.5 concentration anomalies by approximately ±3.1 µg/m³. In contrast, during the El Niño phase, although rainfall increases by 33.5 mm, PM2.5 concentrations remain highly variable, with anomaly increases of approximately ±1.3 µg/m³, due to drier air masses and lower rainfall intensity. The combined results of SEA analysis and the Monte Carlo test indicate a 13-day SST lead during the El Niño period and a 9-day lag during the La Niña period. This study reveals that ENSO influences both rainfall and air quality at the GAW Bukit Kototabang station.
Meteorological Influences on PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations during Haze Periods in West Sumatra: A Case Study from May to July 2025 Aditya Prapanca; Muhammad Ansori Hasibuan
Jurnal Fisika Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Fisika 16 (1) 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jf.v16i1.41289

Abstract

Forest and land fires during May–July 2025 in West Sumatra triggered haze events that significantly degraded air quality through increased concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. This study aims to characterize the temporal variability of PM2.5 and PM10 and to assess the influence of meteorological parameters on particulate matter dynamics during the haze period. The results show a significant increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the fire period, with fine particles dominating, as indicated by PM2.5/PM10 ratios exceeding 0.6. PM2.5 and PM10 exhibit a very strong positive correlation, suggesting common emission sources. Although most meteorological parameters display weak correlations with particulate concentrations, multivariate regression reveals that relative humidity and wind speed—particularly in the upper atmospheric layer—significantly influence PM variability. These findings indicate that meteorological conditions act as modulators of particulate concentrations, while forest fire emissions remain the primary driver of elevated PM levels during haze episodes.
Co-Authors Dhiyaul Qalbi Dodi Saputra Muhammad Ansori Hasibuan Nofri Yendri Sudiar