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All Journal COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Al-MIKRAJ: Jurnal studi Islam dan Humaniora
Dataran Tinggi Golan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Pertanggungjawaban Hukum atas Penembakan Tenaga Medis Perawat Razan Al Najjar dalam Konflik Perbatasan Gaza: Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional Ghaizka Figo Alfaeza; Desyana Aqirtasari; Nayla Widya Agustin; Dataran Tinggi Golan; Abdullah Dafiq Shalih Azzam; Muhammad Andi Saputro
AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) Vol. 6 No. 1: Al-Mikraj, Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora
Publisher : Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almikraj.v6i1.8829

Abstract

The shooting of Palestinian medical volunteer Razan Al-Najjar on June 1, 2018 in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, by Israeli forces constitutes a serious allegation of violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL). This research explicitly aims to examine (i) the legal status and scope of protection afforded to medical personnel under IHL, and (ii) the forms of legal accountability applicable to the shooting of Razan Al-Najjar through a case-based normative legal analysis grounded in treaty law and authoritative interpretations. Using a normative juridical method with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study analyzes the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the 1977 Additional Protocols, the Rome Statute, and relevant UN fact-finding reports. The study finds that the incident reflects a systemic breach of the IHL principles of distinction and special protection of medical personnel, corroborated by recurring patterns of attacks against health workers in Gaza. The novelty of this research lies in identifying the shooting as a legally cognizable form of individual criminal responsibility for war crimes specifically willful killing and intentionally targeting medical personnel as well as exploring the dual-layer accountability involving state responsibility and command responsibility. Furthermore, instead of framing “sanctions” simplistically, this research clarifies that enforcement may occur through mechanisms of international accountability, including referrals to the International Criminal Court, targeted measures under UN mechanisms, and obligations of third states to ensure respect for IHL under Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions. This study concludes that the shooting of Razan Al-Najjar meets the legal threshold of an IHL violation with potential war crime implications, and emphasizes the urgent need to strengthen international enforcement pathways to address persistent impunity in attacks on medical personnel
Komodifikasi Karbon dan Keadilan Iklim: Rekonstruksi Hukum Penanaman Modal Asing pada Bursa Karbon Indonesia Rosalina Setyowati; Devina Septy; Dea Arum Rahmawati; Nayla Enggita Nayla Enggita Vanasha; Dataran Tinggi Golan; Diana Setiawati
COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): COMSERVA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v6i2.3578

Abstract

Perkembangan perdagangan karbon sebagai instrumen berbasis pasar dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim telah mendorong transformasi karbon menjadi aset ekonomi yang menarik bagi investasi, termasuk penanaman modal asing. Di Indonesia, implementasi Bursa Karbon Indonesia (IDXCarbon) yang didukung oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Keuangan (UU P2SK) serta Peraturan Presiden Nomor 98 Tahun 2021 membuka peluang investasi hijau, namun juga memunculkan berbagai persoalan hukum terkait kepastian status yuridis unit karbon, perlindungan investor asing, risiko double counting, dan implementasi prinsip keadilan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis serta merekonstruksi kerangka hukum penanaman modal asing dalam penyelenggaraan bursa karbon Indonesia berdasarkan perspektif keadilan iklim dan Pasal 6 Paris Agreement. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis terhadap berbagai peraturan nasional, instrumen hukum internasional, serta literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan yang berlaku belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi karakter perdagangan karbon transnasional, terutama terkait perlindungan hukum investor, harmonisasi lintas yurisdiksi, pengakuan status hukum unit karbon, dan perlindungan masyarakat terdampak. Rekonstruksi hukum diperlukan melalui penguatan integrasi antara hukum investasi, hukum lingkungan, dan hukum sektor keuangan, disertai penguatan sistem registrasi, verifikasi, serta mekanisme pencegahan double counting. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembentukan kerangka hukum yang komprehensif, adaptif, dan berkeadilan menjadi prasyarat penting untuk meningkatkan kredibilitas Bursa Karbon Indonesia, mendorong investasi hijau, serta mendukung pencapaian pembangunan berkelanjutan dan target Net Zero Emission Indonesia.
Co-Authors Abdullah Dafiq Shalih Azzam Dea Arum Rahmawati Desyana Aqirtasari Devina Septy Diana Setiawati Ghaizka Figo Alfaeza Muhammad Andi Saputro Nayla Enggita Nayla Enggita Vanasha Nayla Widya Agustin Rosalina Setyowati