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Power Grid Protection: Quantitative Engineering of Dependability, Security, and Cascading Risk Under Modern Operating Conditions Sokha Chan Sokha Chan; Sophea Chea Sophea Chea; Dara Heng Dara Heng
Techne: Journal of Engineering, Technology and Industrial Applications Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Techne: Journal of Engineering, Technology and Industrial Applications
Publisher : Kalam Practica Media

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Abstract

This article presents an applied engineering framework for quantifying protection reliability in terms of misoperation risk, failure-to-trip risk, and their downstream consequences for unserved energy and cascading probability. The framework models protection as a decision pipeline in which measurement uncertainty, logic design, communications, and human governance jointly determine outcomes, and it evaluates strategies using metrics meaningful for utility operations: probability of correct operation, misoperation rate, mean time to recovery, expected unserved energy, and risk-weighted outage impact. A generic transmission-and-distribution boundary case is developed with representative line, transformer, and bus protection functions, and scenario-driven quantitative results are provided for instrument transformer saturation events, evolving fault current conditions under high inverter penetration, communication-aided scheme degradation, and settings lifecycle errors. Results indicate that many of the most consequential reliability improvements arise from governance and verification pathways, particularly settings validation, event-driven self-monitoring, and staged fallback logic, rather than from incremental relay hardware upgrades alone. The paper concludes with implementation guidance for condition-based maintenance, alarm and event triage, and risk-based testing intervals, and it provides copy-ready tables and scientific figure prompts suitable for Techne submissions and operational reporting.
Mobile Banking Service Quality, Perceived Security, and Continued Usage Intention among Thai Consumers: The Moderating Role of Privacy Concern Somsak Kittisak Somsak Kittisak; Kanya Rattanapong Kanya Rattanapong; Sokha Chan Sokha Chan
Oikonomia Review: A Journal of Applied Management, Accounting, and Business Strategy Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2025): Oikonomia Review: Journal of Economics, Management, and Accounting
Publisher : Kalam Practica Media

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Mobile banking has become a primary channel for everyday financial transactions in Southeast Asia, yet sustained usage is shaped not only by functional features but also by the credibility of service delivery and the perceived safety of digital interactions. This study examines how mobile banking service quality influences continued usage intention among Thai consumers through perceived security and trust, while assessing whether privacy concern weakens key relationships. Building on the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success logic, technology trust theory, and perceived risk perspectives, the research conceptualizes service quality as a multidimensional construct comprising system quality, information quality, and responsiveness. Survey data were collected from 512 mobile banking users across four Thai provinces representing different levels of urban density. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test direct effects, serial mediation, and moderation. The results indicate that service quality strengthens perceived security and trust, which in turn increase continued usage intention; privacy concern dampens the translation of perceived security into trust and reduces the strength of the trust–intention link. The findings extend digital finance research by clarifying why convenience-driven adoption does not guarantee retention, highlighting the importance of security perceptions and privacy-sensitive design. Policy implications emphasize transparent communication, incident-response readiness, and consumer literacy interventions that reduce privacy anxiety without normalizing risky behavior.
Green Supply Chain Collaboration, Cost Efficiency, and Export Readiness among Indonesian Manufacturing SMEs: The Mediating Role of Process Standardization Ahmad Faizal Rahim Ahmad Faizal Rahim; Sokha Chan Sokha Chan
Oikonomia Review: A Journal of Applied Management, Accounting, and Business Strategy Vol. 1 Núm. 2 (2025): Oikonomia Review: Journal of Economics, Management, and Accounting
Publisher : Kalam Practica Media

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Manufacturing SMEs in Southeast Asia face growing pressure to demonstrate environmental responsibility as buyers incorporate sustainability criteria into procurement and export supply chains. While green supply chain practices are often framed as compliance costs, collaboration with upstream and downstream partners can create efficiency benefits when environmental goals are embedded in process routines and shared standards. This study examines how green supply chain collaboration influences cost efficiency and export readiness among Malaysian manufacturing SMEs through process standardization. Drawing on relational view and operations capability logic, the model conceptualizes collaboration as joint problem solving, information sharing, and coordinated environmental practices with suppliers and customers. Survey data were collected from 412 Malaysian manufacturing SMEs across food processing, textiles, and light manufacturing. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test direct effects and mediation. Results indicate that green collaboration is positively associated with both cost efficiency and export readiness, with process standardization operating as a partial mediator. The findings suggest that SMEs can convert environmental collaboration into economic advantage when shared routines stabilize quality, reduce waste, and improve documentation demanded by export buyers. Policy implications emphasize capability-building programs that support standard adoption, supplier engagement, and documentation tools suitable for SME constraints.