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All Journal Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Scientific Nexus
Dewi Damayanti Abdul Karim
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, South Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Astronomy Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Analgetic effectiveness of fenugreek seed extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in acetic acid-induced male ddY strain mice Riska Okta Via; Dewi Damayanti Abdul Karim; Andreanus Andaja Soemardji; Refsya Azanti Putri
Scientific Nexus Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Scientific Nexus
Publisher : Fakultas Sains Institut Teknologi Sumatera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35472/scinexus.2254

Abstract

Pain represents a significant health challenge, with current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) carrying hepatotoxicity risks that necessitate safer alternatives. This study evaluated the analgesic activity of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in male ddY strain mice. Twenty-five mice were randomly allocated into five groups (n=5): negative control (1% Na-CMC), positive control (diclofenac sodium 50 mg/kg), and three fenugreek extract groups (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). Pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1% acetic acid, and writhing episodes were counted for 180 minutes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. All fenugreek doses significantly reduced writhing compared to negative control (p < 0.05). The extract demonstrated dose-dependent analgesic activity, with protection rates of 30.8%, 35.9%, and 41.0% for 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg doses, respectively. The highest dose (600 mg/kg) achieved 71% of diclofenac's analgesic efficacy (46.2% protection). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and polyphenols. These findings suggest fenugreek seed extract possesses significant analgesic properties and represents a promising natural alternative for pain management.
Ethanol extract of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel is practically non-toxic after acute oral administration in male ddY mice Ade Shinta Maria Br Napitu; Dewi Damayanti Abdul Karim; Reny Haryani
Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Publisher : Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.api.2025.13.2.17067

Abstract

Background: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tuber peel contains active compounds with antidiabetic potential, but its safety has not been established. Objective: To evaluate the acute oral toxicity of the ethanol extract of cassava tuber peel, determine its toxicity category, and estimate its LD₅₀ in male ddY mice (Mus musculus). Methods: Male ddY mice (n = 6 per group) received a single oral dose of the extract (1250, 2500, or 5000 mg/kg body weight [BW]) or 1% CMC-Na (control) according to BPOM Regulation No. 10 of 2022. Clinical signs, mortality, body weight, body temperature, and feed and water intake were observed for 14 days, followed by organ index determination. Results: The extract contained flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. No mortality or clinical signs of toxicity occurred at any dose; only transient grooming was observed in all groups, including the control. Body weight, body temperature, feed and water intake, and organ indices did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The LD₅₀ of the ethanol extract of cassava tuber peel is greater than 5000 mg/kg BW, and the extract is classified as practically non-toxic after a single oral dose.
Co-Authors Ade Shinta Maria Br Napitu Refsya Azanti Putri Reny Haryani Riska Okta Via Soemardji, Andreanus Andaja