Christian Tejeresas
Tanauan Institute

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Pakikisama in the Context of Wives’ Lived Realities in Post-Marital Residence with In-Laws Roy Basas; Princess Izy Calinisan; Ericka Cauguiran; John Patrick Datingaling; Christian Tejeresas; Rachel Anne Bernardino
Advanced Qualitative Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Advanced Qualitative Research
Publisher : RSF Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/aqr.v4i1.3976

Abstract

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of seven Filipino wives residing with their in-laws in multigenerational households through in-depth, semi-structured interviews analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Analysis followed iterative IPA procedures (initial noting, emergent theme development, and cross-case synthesis) supported by QDA Miner Lite, with analytic rigor ensured through researcher reflexivity, memo writing, and sustained engagement with the data. Guided by Family Systems Theory, Family Conflict Theory, Transformative Learning Theory, and the Filipino cultural construct of pakikisama, the study examined how emotional, relational, and cultural conditions shaped wives’ everyday realities. Eight interrelated themes emerged: (1) Relational Burnout, the depletion of personal resources from daily household life; (2) Emotional Exhaustion, fatigue from sustained relational demands; (3) Multidimensional Support, moral, emotional, and financial assistance from in-laws often experienced as obligatory; (4) Identity Tension, challenges in negotiating personal roles within the household; (5) Harmonious Restraint, deliberate emotional regulation and strategic silence to maintain peace; (6) Persistent Living Arrangement, long-term co-residence as a structural and emotional reality difficult to change; (7) Transformative Adaptation, increased self-awareness and personal growth through prolonged cohabitation; and (8) Mandated Pakikisama, the cultural imperative to uphold harmony and respect (paggalang). Findings portray Filipino wives as active negotiators of gendered emotional labor, sustaining family cohesion within extended households. By foregrounding pakikisama as both a cultural resource and constraint, the study extends qualitative literature on multigenerational households and gendered emotional labor beyond Western-centric frameworks, challenging assumptions that emotional labor is invisible or secondary and demonstrating how it is culturally mandated and relationally embedded in non-Western contexts, with implications for culturally responsive family support systems.
Beyond Obligation: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study of Utang na Loob Among Female Adoptees Jenelle De Villa; Karen Gayl Dela Cruz; Aizel Del Mundo; Faith Anne Dela Vega; Jose Antonio Miguel Dizon; Christian Tejeresas
Advanced Qualitative Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): Advanced Qualitative Research
Publisher : RSF Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31098/aqr.v4i1.3990

Abstract

The qualitative study “Utang na Loob from an Adopted Child’s Perspective” explored the lived experiences of adopted children, focusing on gratitude, acceptance, and reciprocity. Semi structured interviews were conducted with five female adoptees aged 20–30 from Batangas, Philippines. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used because it is well suited to examining how individuals make meaning of deeply personal and relational experiences. Since utang na loob involves layered emotions of gratitude, reciprocity, and identity negotiation, IPA provided the lens to capture both lived realities and the interpretative processes through which adoptees understand familial bonds. Four major themes emerged: (1) Fulfillment in Social Bonds, emphasizing supportive relationships; (2) Gradual Acceptance to Deep Gratitude, reflecting identity embrace and appreciation; (3) Reciprocal Devotions, highlighting the desire to return love and support; and (4) Consistent Expression of Appreciation, underscoring acknowledgment of parental sacrifices. Existing qualitative and cultural studies on utang na loob have mainly examined biological families or broader Filipino social ties, leaving a gap in understanding its expression within adoptive families. This study addresses that gap by centering on female adoptees’ perspectives, extending the discourse beyond blood relations. The findings advance qualitative scholarship in social science and cultural psychology by reframing utang na loob as a heartfelt response rooted in love, reciprocity, and enduring gratitude rather than obligation. This shows how Filipino values adapt to diverse family structures and enrich qualitative research by revealing nuanced processes of identity formation, emotional negotiation, and relational reciprocity in adoptive contexts.