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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
Arunkumar K.S.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science

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Groundwater Hydrochemistry in Central Kerala: Implications for Aquifer Infrastructure and Environmental Water Management Samreena Mohammed; Arunkumar K.S.
Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAES) Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAE
Publisher : CV. Truly Science Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65896/ijsaes.v1i1.4

Abstract

Background: Hydrochemistry of groundwater is variable with location in Central Kerala dominated by sedimentary groundwater aquifers. Groundwater chemistry is also greatly influenced by activities to which humans engage in, like rock weathering during contact. Hydrochemical analysis is a basic tool to identify water types and their chemical compositions, as well as to determine whether a water is of a certain quality, which is an important requirement in any water use licensing project. Aim: This study aims to assess the hydrochemical data of groundwater samples. Methods: Sample collected from 70 open wells in and around the Thrissur Ponnani Kol in Central Kerala, through integrated statistical, Piper trilinear diagram, and spatial interpolation methods. Results: The results of this study show that Ca + and Cl− are the dominant cations and anions in the groundwater with mean concentrations of 267.39 mg/l and 574.81 mg/l, respectively. The pre-monsoon Piper: Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the study area are depicted by plotting the relative concentration of the major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻) in the Fig. Most groundwater samples in the study sequences belong to the calcium-bicarbonate (Ca-HCO₃) type, and most of the data points are located close to the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺ and CO₃²⁻-HCO₃⁻ vertices, suggesting the predominance of carbonate weathering processes. Indicates little exchange of Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻, weak anthropogenic impact, like agricultural runoff or industrial discharge. Conclusion: Thus, the clustering of grouped samples denotes localized groundwater chemistry variations likely due to differences in geology and/or recharge conditions.
Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Zonation: A Case Study from Western Ghats, Kerala, India Arunkumar K.S.; Mufeeda C.T,
Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAES) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (IJSAE
Publisher : CV. Truly Science Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65896/ijsaes.v2i1.24

Abstract

Background: Landslides are among the most destructive natural hazards in the hilly regions of Kerala, causing severe environmental and socio-economic damage. Nilambur Taluk in Malappuram District, located along the Western Ghats, has experienced frequent landslide events, particularly during the extreme rainfall events of August 2018 and 2019. Aim: This study aims to delineate landslide hazard zones in Nilambur Taluk using a GIS-based weighted overlay approach to support risk reduction and spatial planning. Methods: A landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) map was developed using an inverse ranking-based weighted overlay method. Multiple thematic layers—including slope, rainfall distribution, lineament density, drainage density, slope aspect, geology, land use/land cover (LULC), NDVI, elevation, distance from drainage, distance from road networks, and soil—were derived from Survey of India (SoI) toposheets and 2019 Landsat imagery. These layers were integrated within a GIS environment (ArcGIS 10.1). Each parameter was assigned a relative weight based on its contribution to landslide susceptibility, while classes within each layer were ranked on a scale of 0–5. Conclusion: The resulting LHZ map classifies the study area into five hazard categories: stable (5.8%), moderately stable (32.3%), moderately unstable (39%), highly unstable (22%), and critical (0.92%). Validation through field observations and geospatial analysis confirms that high and critical hazard zones are strongly associated with intense rainfall, steep slopes, high lineament density, and active erosional processes. The generated hazard zonation map serves as an effective tool for landslide risk mitigation, informed land-use planning, and sustainable geo-environmental management in Nilambur Taluk.
Co-Authors Mufeeda C.T, Samreena Mohammed