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Agung Trihasto
Tidar University
Aerospace Engineering Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Performance Evaluation of Overcurrent Relay Coordination on 20-kV Busbar and Feeders Ageng Rizkianto; Agung Trihasto; Deria Pravitasari; Hery Teguh Setiawan
Aviation Electronics, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Electricals, and Controls (AVITEC) Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/avitec.v8i1.3484

Abstract

The coordination of Overcurrent Relays (OCR) in power systems is crucial to ensure selectivity and reliability. Mis-coordination between OCRs on the 20-kV busbar and feeders can significantly reduce system performance, often due to improper determination of pick-up values and Time Multiplier Setting (TMS). Previous studies mostly focused on protection coordination for a single feeder and relied solely on simulation. This study evaluates OCR coordination on the 20-kV busbar and five feeders connected to the Unit I transformer at Secang Substation by combining manual analysis and Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) simulations, validated against IEEE Std 242-2001. This integrated approach provides more reliable insights than earlier works limited to single-feeder coordination or software-only methods. Evaluation was conducted through short-circuit current analysis and Time Current Characteristic (TCC) curves, yielding pick-up and TMS values that produce Coordination Time Intervals (CTI) in compliance with IEEE Std 242-2001. Results indicate that the busbar OCR achieved a pick-up of 0.566 and a TMS of 0.236. For the feeders, SCG 10 achieved 0.27 and 0.173; SCG 03 yielded 0.5025 and 0.147; SCG 05 produced 0.441 and 0.153; SCG 07 yielded 0.35 and 0.165; and SCG 08 achieved 0.5535 and 0.137. Applying these settings produced CTI values exceeding the minimum requirement of 0.3 seconds. This evaluation demonstrates that coordinated OCR settings can improve reliability in 20-kV distribution systems and reduce the risk of widespread outages due to protection failures.
Voltage Drop and Power Loss Mitigation on SGN-14 via SGN-15 Feeder Design in Distribution System ULP Magelang Haqrodji Prabu Yasya; Deria Pravitasari; Agung Trihasto; Andriyatna Agung Kurniawan
Aviation Electronics, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Electricals, and Controls (AVITEC) Vol 8, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/avitec.v8i1.3686

Abstract

Feeder SGN-14 of PT PLN (Persero) ULP Magelang operates under overload conditions, significantly degrading voltage quality and increasing technical losses. PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) is Indonesia’s State Electricity Company, while ULP (Unit Layanan Pelanggan) refers to a customer service unit. This study designs Feeder SGN-15 as a 20 kV load-splitting feeder supplied from Sanggrahan Substation and terminating near KH. Maksum Street (Tempuran). The feeder is 20.7 km long and routed close to the load centre to reduce line losses. Network performance is assessed using ETAP load-flow simulations and independent GNU Octave calculations of voltage profile, current, and power/energy losses, referenced to SPLN T6.001:2013 with a 10% voltage-drop limit. The proposed feeder uses 8,152 m of insulated MVTIC and 12,584 m of AAAC conductors, supported by 238 concrete poles, together with required switching devices, line accessories, and four CSP transformers. After reconfiguration, the maximum voltage drops on SGN-14 decreases from 12.82% to 6.5%, while SGN-15 operates at about 4.95%, ensuring all buses comply with SPLN T6.001:2013. Technical losses on SGN-14 fall from 388.711 to 112.337 (W/kWh), and SGN-15 contributes 81.130 (W/kWh), giving total post-reconfiguration losses of 195.467 (W/kWh). The reduction in energy-loss cost yields an estimated saving of Rp228.82 million per month, lowering losses from Rp460.32 million/month to Rp231.44 million/month. Unlike studies that optimize only switch states or voltage-regulator placement, this work shows that adding a new 20 kV feeder can jointly improve voltages, reduce losses, and deliver tangible benefits for the distribution utility.
Integration of Automatic Cleaning and Adaptive Cooling for Soiling Mitigation in Solar Panel Maintenance Pelangi Firmansyah; Agung Trihasto; Dwi Novianto
Aviation Electronics, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Electricals, and Controls (AVITEC) Vol 8, No 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Dirgantara Adisutjipto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28989/avitec.v8i2.4187

Abstract

The accumulation of soiling on the surface of the solar panel module inhibits the process of absorbing sunlight and causes uneven heat distribution, thus impacting the decline in solar panel performance. This study introduces a new solar panel maintenance mechanism through the integration of cleaning and cooling with voltage drop detection, weather condition, temperature monitoring and centralized control features based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The primary contribution is the system-level integration of previously separate maintenance mechanism functions into a conditionally integrated control architecture. The implementation of the cleaning mechanism is carried out based on the detection of a voltage drop below the baseline persistently for 30 minutes as a temporal filter to prevent momentary maintenance. Meanwhile, the adaptive cooling mechanism through the detection of the DS18B20 temperature sensor controls the activation of the water pump motor when the temperature is > 40 °C and is inactive when the temperature is ≤ 25 °C. Both maintenance methods are complemented by LDR and rain sensors for adaptive operation to the environment. At prototype scale, the maintained panel recorded an average voltage of 13.22 V and average temperature of 34.06 °C, compared to 12.71 V and 40.59 °C for the unmaintained panel. This represents a 4.013% increase in output voltage and a 16.09% decrease in temperature, both statistically significant (paired t-test, p<0.001). These test findings are based on voltage and temperature parameters. Power output and electrical energy were not directly measured, so the results represent prototype-level operational feasibility, not overall efficiency improvements.
Co-Authors Ageng Rizkianto Andriyatna Agung Kurniawan Deria Pravitasari Dwi Novianto Haqrodji Prabu Yasya Hery Teguh Setiawan Pelangi Firmansyah