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All Journal Bestuur JHCLS
Enas Qutieshat
Sohar University
Humanities Environmental Science Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences

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Doctrinal and Comparative Assessment of GMO Liability Laws in the UAE Dina Imad; Maya Khater; Nagwa Abouhaiba; Enas Qutieshat; Ali AlMatrooshi
Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System
Publisher : Contrarius Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53955/jhcls.v6i1.701

Abstract

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have become an integral part of modern biotechnology. However, their increasing use has sparked complex debates. The controversy pertains to balancing the benefits of biotechnological improvements against potential risks to biodiversity and public health.  The current study aims to critically evaluate the legal texts related to accountability and civil liability for damages caused by GMOs. It seeks to assess the adequacy of UAE legislation in establishing effective mechanisms for liability and compensation for environmental and health impacts, thus answering the central question to what extent does the current UAE law enhance accountability compared to international standards. It employs a descriptive-analytical and comparative legal approach based on the analysis and critique of relevant international and UAE legal documents. The findings reveal that the UAE has established an advanced regulatory system aligned with international standards; however, significant legal gaps remain in definitional clarity, sanctions framework, liability rules, and enforcement provisions. The study concludes with a synthesis table and figure mapping points of convergence and difference between national and international instruments. The study recommends further development of the rules related to compensation and penalties to ensure appropriate legal deterrence for GMO-related harm and calls for legislative amendments that enhance the clarity of texts and their integration with international frameworks.
Rethinking Global Institutions in Environmental Protection: Guardians or Bystanders? Maya Khater; Aishah Alkaabi; Enas Qutieshat; Maitha Alameri; Hamda Alkaabi
BESTUUR Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Article in Press: Bestuur
Publisher : Administrative Law Departement Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Mare

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/bestuur.v14i1.115011

Abstract

Global environmental degradation, driven by climate change, resource overexploitation, and rapid urban expansion, challenges the effectiveness of international institutions in functioning as genuine guardians rather than passive bystanders in environmental protection. This study critically examines the role of international organizations by analyzing their legal and institutional frameworks, evaluating their practical performance, identifying key implementation constraints, and formulating reform-oriented measures. The research applies a descriptive, analytical, critical, and inductive approach through a systematic assessment of international legal instruments, institutional practices, and relevant scholarly discourse. The study finds that environmental degradation continues to intensify despite the proliferation of international agreements, indicating a persistent gap between normative commitments and practical outcomes. Limited national capacities, weak coordination among international institutions, and the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms significantly undermine institutional effectiveness. Consequently, many international obligations operate at a formal level without achieving substantive implementation. The study concludes that strengthening international environmental governance requires comprehensive legal and institutional reforms that enhance compliance, improve coordination, and ensure effective enforcement of environmental obligations.
Co-Authors Aishah Alkaabi Ali AlMatrooshi Dina Imad Hamda Alkaabi Maitha Alameri Maya Khater Maya Khater Nagwa Abouhaiba