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All Journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS (INJOSER) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE)
I Nyoman Wahyu Widiana
Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University
Religion Humanities Social Sciences

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING DEINDUSTRIALIZATION IN FOUR COUNTRIES Muhammad Rizki Taufik; I Nyoman Wahyu Widiana
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIETY REVIEWS Vol. 2 No. 10 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Abstract

The phenomenon of premature deindustrialization is increasingly prevalent in developing countries, where the manufacturing sector experiences a decline in its contribution to GDP before reaching the stage of industrial maturity. Indonesia, India, Colombia, and South Africa are examples of countries that have shown this tendency in recent decades. This study aims to analyze the simultaneous and partial effects of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, exchange rate, and trade openness on deindustrialization in these four countries during the period 1995–2023. This research utilizes secondary data obtained from the World Bank and applies panel data regression analysis. The Chow and Hausman tests indicate that the most appropriate model to use is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results reveal that, simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on the contribution of the manufacturing sector. Partially, GDP per capita and exchange rate have a negative and significant effect, while trade openness has a positive and significant effect on the contribution of the manufacturing sector. These findings highlight the need for adaptive industrial development policies, particularly in maintaining exchange rate stability and promoting open trade that can enhance the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector in these four countries.
DETERMINANTS OF INCOME FOR FASHION MSMEs IN DENPASAR CITY, BALI PROVINCE Akhmad Sohibul Wafa; I Nyoman Wahyu Widiana
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Vol. 2 No. 12 (2025): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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In the structure of Indonesia’s economy, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) constitute the majority of business entities and make a significant contribution to the gross domestic product. This study aims to examine the effect of business capital, labor, e-commerce utilization, business duration, and working hours on the income of fashion MSMEs in Denpasar City, Bali Province, both simultaneously and partially. This research employs a quantitative approach using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 99 MSME owners, selected using purposive sampling. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, and the data analysis method applied was multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that, simultaneously, business capital, labor, e-commerce utilization, business duration, and working hours have a significant effect on the income of fashion MSMEs in Denpasar City. Partially, business capital, labor, e-commerce utilization, and business duration have a positive and significant effect on income. However, working hours show a negative and significant effect on income, suggesting that an increase in working hours without corresponding efficiency or productivity may adversely impact business performance. The study provides policy insights for optimizing capital use, enhancing labor productivity, promoting digital adoption, and managing working hours effectively to boost MSME income in the fashion secto.
Co-Authors Akhmad Sohibul Wafa Muhammad Rizki Taufik