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All Journal Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Edia Rahayuningsih
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Optimization of Tannin Removal from Marigold Flowers by Water Extraction as Pretreatment for Lutein Recovery Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas; Sherly Maharani Puspita Sari; Edia Rahayuningsih
Eksergi Vol 23 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i2.16512

Abstract

Lutein extraction from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta L.) with organic solvents is related to the presence of tannin-type phenolic compounds, capable of affecting the quality of food products. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of water pretreatment to selectively extract tannins before lutein extraction. The experiment was conducted using water as a solvent for extraction due to its high and low selectivity for phenolic compounds and carotenoids, respectively. The extraction of tannins was investigated with respect to stirring speed, extraction time, and water-to-solid ratio using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design of central composite. Tannins were extracted in a 1 L beaker at ambient temperature, and total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by spectrophotometry using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that the quadratic model predicted the optimum extraction conditions as a stirring speed of 579 rpm, extraction time of 4.6 h, and water–solids ratio of 25 mL g−1 dry weight. At these extraction conditions, the process achieved a predicted TPC of 376.76 mg g−1 dry weight with 75.37% removal of tannin. Additionally, visible spectrophotometry confirmed the selectivity of the water-based extraction, as only 1.7% of the initial carotenoid content was present in the water extract.  
Co-Authors Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas Sherly Maharani Puspita Sari