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THE ROLE OF LABOUR DIVERSITY IN DRIVING INNOVATION AND ACCELERATING ECONOMIC GROWTH Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS (IJEFE)
Publisher : CV. Adiba Aisha Amira

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The role of workforce diversity in driving innovation and accelerating economic growth refers to the positive contribution that a diverse work environment makes to creativity, the development of new ideas, and increased productivity within an organisation or the economy as a whole. Workforce diversity includes variations in aspects such as age, gender, ethnic background, education, experience, and perspective. When these different viewpoints and expertise are combined, they create a dynamic that encourages innovative thinking, more effective problem-solving, and the development of more relevant products or services for diverse markets. The innovation that results from this workforce diversity then acts as a catalyst for economic growth. The new products and services developed can open up new markets, increase the competitiveness of companies, and drive job creation. In addition, operational efficiencies improved through innovative approaches can lead to higher productivity and better use of resources. On a broader scale, economies that make effective use of the diversity of their workforce tend to be more resilient, adaptive and able to respond more quickly to global market changes, which in turn accelerates overall economic growth.

PATIENTS' RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH LAW IN INDONESIA Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This article discusses the important role of patients' rights and obligations in Indonesian health law. Patients' rights, such as obtaining correct information and safe healthcare services, as well as the obligation to comply with medical instructions, are regulated in law to ensure a good relationship between patients and medical personnel. Nonetheless, low public awareness and facility limitations often pose challenges in their implementation. Therefore, cooperation between the government, healthcare providers, and the public is needed to improve understanding and implementation of these rights and obligations. With the right steps, the implementation of patients' rights and obligations is expected to be more effective and have a positive impact on the healthcare system in Indonesia.

PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE IN HOSPITALS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFETY STANDARDS, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PATIENTS AND MEDICAL PERSONNEL Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Patient safety culture in hospitals is a very important aspect in ensuring the quality and safety of health services. This study is a literature review that aims to analyse the implementation of patient safety standards, the responsibilities of hospitals and medical personnel, and legal protection for patients and medical personnel. Data was obtained through a review of literature from scientific journals, books, and relevant laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the implementation of safety standards such as patient identification, effective communication, safe use of medicines, infection prevention, and fall risk management still faces various obstacles, including organisational culture and resource constraints. In addition, legal responsibility for hospitals and medical personnel is crucial in maintaining fairness and professionalism, while adequate legal protection is a prerequisite for creating a safe working environment and supporting incident reporting. This study emphasises that the synergy between the implementation of standards, legal responsibility, and legal protection is the main foundation for building a sustainable patient safety culture. These findings can be used as a basis for further policy development and empirical research in the context of healthcare in Indonesia and other countries.

HOSPITAL SERVICE ETHICS AND CULTURE: PATIENT AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY PROTECTION BASED ON THE CODE OF ETHICS, CULTURAL VALUES, AND HEALTH LAWS – LITERATURE REVIEW Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This study aims to examine the role of hospital service ethics and culture in protecting patient and employee safety based on professional codes of ethics, organisational cultural values, and applicable health regulations. Using a Systematic Literature Review approach, this study examines various national and international literature from the last ten years related to patient safety, safety culture, and health worker protection. The results of the study show that patient safety is greatly influenced by the application of professional ethical principles, particularly in respecting patient rights, implementing informed consent, and organisational culture that encourages transparency, communication, and incident reporting. On the other hand, the protection of hospital employees is closely related to a healthy organisational culture, ethical leadership, and the implementation of labour and occupational health regulations to ensure physical and psychological safety. The integration of ethics, culture, and law was found to be the main strategy capable of bridging the gap between theory and practice in the field. This study emphasises that strengthening hospital management's commitment to the code of ethics, internalising a culture of safety, and complying with health laws are the foundations for creating a safe, fair, and sustainable service environment for both patients and employees.

HEALTH FACILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW APPROACH TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT FOR OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MODERN HEALTH SERVICES Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Health facility and infrastructure management in Indonesia, with a focus on managing infrastructure (backup power systems, HVAC, clean water, hazardous waste) and medical equipment (ventilators, ultrasound machines, defibrillators) to achieve operational efficiency of up to 25% and the sustainability of modern services, using the PRISMA approach on the Garuda, Sinta, Neliti, and Scopus databases for the period 2019-2025, based on PMK Regulation No. 43/2019 IPSRS and MFK Regulation No. 26/2022, which identified gaps such as 20-30% downtime, a biomedical human resource deficit of 1:500, and vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic; The findings emphasise the preventive lifecycle, e-Sarpras digitalisation, and IoT predictive maintenance for 85% utilisation and a 3-year ROI, with PPP ESG recommendations and certification training to achieve net zero emissions in the 2025-2029 RPJMN.

HOSPITAL LAW IN INDONESIA: OPERATIONAL REGULATIONS, MANAGEMENT, AND LEGAL OBLIGATIONS OF HOSPITALS IN ENSURING LEGAL CERTAINTY AND PATIENT PROTECTION BASED ON LAW NUMBER 44 OF 2009 Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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This study analyses the operational arrangements, management, and legal obligations of hospitals in Indonesia based on Law No. 44 of 2009 to ensure legal certainty and patient protection, using a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical review of Articles 4-28 on operations (classification, licensing, facilities, human resources) and Articles 29-46 on management (organisational structure, informed consent, vicarious liability, sanctions), which reveals the strength of regulations in creating comprehensive standards despite implementation gaps such as regional disparities and a lack of digital adaptation. The findings indicate that the law is effective as a foundation for good hospital governance, in line with the National Health Insurance (JKN) and constitutional health rights, but requires strengthened supervision, mandatory malpractice insurance, and harmonisation with the latest Health Law to optimise patient protection in the post-pandemic era. Recommendations include the digitisation of licensing, director certification, and pre-litigation mediation to reduce legal disputes.

HOSPITAL LAW: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL ASPECTS, MANAGEMENT, AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF HOSPITALS IN THE CONTEXT OF HEALTH SERVICES AND LEGAL PROTECTION FOR MEDICAL PERSONNEL Hotmaria Hertawaty Sijabat; Gunawan Widjaja
INJOSEDU: International Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU)
Publisher : Adisam Publisher

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Hospital law in Indonesia comprehensively regulates the operational, managerial, and legal responsibilities of institutions in healthcare services, as stipulated in Law-Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals, which emphasises the obligations of good hospital governance, quality control, risk management, and joint liability for systemic negligence such as medical record failures, emergency response, and nosocomial infection control. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyse the primary responsibility of hospitals based on Article 1365 of the Civil Code and Supreme Court decisions, which indicate that institutions are responsible for managerial defects even when medical personnel are involved, thus requiring the integration of strict SOPs and risk committees to balance accountability with operational efficiency. In parallel, the legal protection of medical personnel is guaranteed through Law-Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice and the principle of error in judicio, with the role of hospitals in supporting vicarious liability, informed consent, and Good Samaritan immunity, despite challenges such as criminal litigation based on Article 351 of the Criminal Code and SLAPP suits demanding reforms such as a national risk guarantee fund to maintain professionalism without sacrificing patient rights. The study concludes that harmonisation between institutional responsibility and individual protection is essential for a sustainable health system, with recommendations for strengthening preventive regulations, specialised medical courts, and cross-professional legal training to achieve fair legal certainty.

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