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p-Index From 2021 - 2026
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All Journal Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science
Francis-Akilaki, Tina Ishioma
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction in the Characterization of Bamboo Stalks Ashama, Onimi Ometere; Francis-Akilaki, Tina Ishioma
Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): (GIJES) Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science (March - May 20
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijes.v4i1.734

Abstract

Bamboo stalks have recently attracted increasing attention as sustainable agricultural by-products because of their rapid growth cycle, self-regeneration ability, and low maintenance requirements. Bamboo is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of Nigeria, with Oxytenanthera abyssinica being one of the most dominant species. In spite of its extensive use in construction and craft applications, the material potential of bamboo stalks for engineered wood products remains underexplored. This study investigates the suitability of bamboo stalks as an eco-friendly precursor for particleboard production using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. FTIR analysis result revealed that characteristic absorption bands associated with cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with prominent peaks observed at 1737 cm⁻¹, 1511 cm⁻¹, and 1379 cm⁻¹. Also, XRD analysis result showed distinct diffraction maxima at 2θ angles of approximately 15° and 22°, indicative of a high degree of cellulose crystallinity. Chemical composition analysis established that the bamboo biomass contained 52.61% cellulose, 19.16% hemicellulose, and 24.27% lignin, with negligible amounts of extractives (2.21%) and ash (1.75%). The combined FTIR and XRD results prove that bamboo stalks possess favourable chemical and structural properties, supporting their potential application as sustainable raw materials for particleboard manufacturing.
Design and Fabrication of a Smart Waste Bin Using Arduino for Improved Hygiene and Waste Management Francis-Akilaki, Tina Ishioma; Ekemube, Raymond Alex
Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): (GIJES) Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science (March - May 20
Publisher : Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/gijes.v4i1.737

Abstract

Predominantly in emerging nations, the inevitability for sanitary and efficient waste disposal systems has increased because of rate of waste generation development and urbanization. The aim of this study is to use an Arduino microcontroller and ultrasonic sensor technology to design, fabricate, and assess a low-cost smart waste bin. A HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is utilized in the designed and fabricated smart waste bin system to sense user proximity. A servo motor is then automatically stimulated to open and close the bin lid without necessitating physical contact. In order to certify reproducibility in settings with limited resources, hardware, embedded programming, and construction were all completed using simply accessible and reasonably priced components. The operational dependability, response time, and detection accuracy were used for performance evaluation. The experimental outcomes showed constant system performance, less false activation, and reliable lid actuation within the sensing range calibrated. The smart waste bin's design and fabrication greatly advances waste handling proficiency, user convenience, and hygiene. The study establishes that low-cost embedded automation can enhance sanitation infrastructure and offers a scalable foundation for future smart waste management systems.
Co-Authors Ashama, Onimi Ometere Ekemube, Raymond Alex