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All Journal Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Borneo Engineering: Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Sodanango, Mateus
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Estimation of Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) Values in Heterogeneous Traffic Using the Time Headway Method on Timor Raya Road, Kupang City Wadu, Amy; Sodanango, Mateus; Dumin, Ludofikus; Laapen, Angelita
Borneo Engineering: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Borneo Tarakan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35334/be.v10i1.605

Abstract

Traffic on urban roads in Indonesia is generally heterogeneous, comprising various vehicle types with distinct characteristics. To analyze heterogeneous traffic flow, all vehicles are converted into Light Vehicle Units (PCU), and this concept forms the basis for the definition of Light Vehicle Equivalent (LPE) in various guidelines. However, the standard PCE values from guidelines such as MKJI 1997 and PKJI 2023 can produce inaccurate traffic performance estimates because PCE values are not universal and are highly dependent on traffic conditions, road geometry, and driving culture in a particular region. This study aims to estimate PCE values using the time-headway method on Jalan Raya Timor in Kupang, Indonesia, which has experienced rapid growth in vehicle volumes, especially motorcycles. The time headway method is considered more dynamic and sensitive in reflecting drivers' perceptions of vehicle spacing, thus providing more accurate PCE values than traditional methods. The results of the study show that the PCE value for motorcycles (MC) ranges from 0.64 to 0.98, while for heavy vehicles (HV) it ranges from 1.05 to 2.16. The vehicle headway time method proved to be more accurate in assessing the volume-capacity ratio (V/C) because it is more sensitive to the time interval between vehicles, resulting in a V/C estimate that is closer to field data compared to the standard PCE method from PKJI.
Optimization of Polypropylene Waste Content in Dry-Mix Hot Mix Asphalt Using Polynomial Regression Wadu, Amy; Sodanango, Mateus; Nenobais, Obed
Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 11, No 1 (2026): EDISI MARET 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v11i1.7901

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste is a serious problem in Indonesia due to the high volume of poorly managed plastic waste, while, on the other hand, road pavements often suffer damage due to traffic loads and extreme weather. The solution to overcome this problem is to optimize the use of PP waste in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures using a dry method to improve the structural performance, flexibility, and durability of road pavement while utilizing plastic waste. A factorial experimental design was applied to four levels of PP percentage to the total aggregate weight, namely 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Each mixture sample was prepared according to the SNI 06-2489-1991 procedure, then tested using the Marshall method to determine the stability and flow values. The volumetric parameters of Voids in Mix (VIM), Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA), and Void Filled Asphalt (VFA) were also measured to evaluate the pore structure and inter-aggregate bonding. The test results showed an increase in stability values to more than 800 kg and an increase in VFA values with the addition of PP, indicating an increase in cohesion and deformation resistance. Meanwhile, VIM and VMA decreased but remained within the permitted specification range (VIM 3–5% and VMA ?15%). Polynomial regression analysis identified that a PP percentage of 6.47% provided the optimal combination of stiffness and flexibility: average stability of 954,41 kg, average flow of 3.1 mm, VIM of 4.2%, VMA of 16.3%, and VFA of 74.3%. Thus, the use of 6.47% PP waste is recommended as the optimum content in dry-mix asphalt. This approach not only supports the principles of circular economy and waste management but also improves the technical performance of road pavements.
Co-Authors Amy Wadu Dumin, Ludofikus Laapen, Angelita Nenobais, Obed