<![CDATA[This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall across the Northern, Southern, and Western zones of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, from 1997 to 2023. The analysis integrates multiple rainfall variables annual rainfall, number of rain days, rainfall onset, cessation, and growing season length (LGS) within a unified regional framework, which is a novel approach for understanding climate variability in this region. Monthly rainfall data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) were analyzed using Mann-Kendall test and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) variability analysis to assess trends and variability. The results reveal significant spatial heterogeneity in rainfall, with the Northern and Western zones experiencing irregular rainfall onset, delayed cessation, and fluctuating LGS. In contrast, the Southern zone exhibited a comparatively stable rainfall distribution. These variations underscore the challenges posed to agricultural productivity, especially in the Northern and Western zones, where inconsistent rainfall and shorter growing seasons prevail. The study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive regional analysis that combines onset, cessation, and LGS variables to improve understanding of rainfall variability. The findings emphasize the need for region-specific climate adaptation strategies, including enhanced water management and the adoption of drought-resistant crops, to bolster agricultural resilience.]]>
