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All Journal Jurnal EECCIS Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control
Putri, Ina Rahmawati
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Comparison of Nutrient and pH Control in NFT Hydroponic Plants for Coupled and Decoupled Methods Putri, Ina Rahmawati; Siswojo, Bambang; Rusli, Mochammad
Kinetik: Game Technology, Information System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control Vol. 11, No. 2, May 2026 (Article in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/kinetik.v11i2.2504

Abstract

PH and TDS were critical parameters in hydroponic systems that directly influenced nutrient absorption and plant growth. This study developed an automatic nutrient solution control system for NFT hydroponics using a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller with coupled and decoupled approaches. The system employed a DFRobot Gravity: Analog TDS sensor to measure TDS, an Electrode Probe pH-4502C to monitor pH, and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to regulate peristaltic pumps in real time. Lettuce was used as the test crop, requiring 550 ppm TDS and pH 6.5. System performance was evaluated through MATLAB Simulink simulations and hardware implementation based on rise time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. The simulation results showed that the coupled method had slightly faster rise time and settling time compared to the decoupled method, whereas the decoupled method had less overshoot than the coupled. The hardware test showed that the decoupled method performed better, with a pH rise time of 8.34 s, a settling time of 11 s, an overshoot of 10%, and a steady-state error of 0.90%, as well as a TDS rise time of 30.7 s, a settling time of 36 s, an overshoot of 4.36%, and a steady-state error of 0.60%. In contrast, the coupled method exhibited slower responses, longer settling times, and higher steady-state errors. Overall, the decoupled method proved more effective and reliable in maintaining pH and TDS stability, showing strong potential to enhance the efficiency and robustness of NFT hydroponic control systems.
Design of a Decoupling Control System for pH and TDS in Hydroponics Putri, Ina Rahmawati; Siswojo, Bambang; Rusli, Mochammad
Jurnal EECCIS (Electrics, Electronics, Communications, Controls, Informatics, Systems) Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Hydroponics was a sustainable cultivation method that optimized land and water use efficiency. The stability of the nutrient solution in this system was strongly influenced by pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) parameters, which were closely interrelated. Changes in pH values could affect TDS concentration, and vice versa, creating coupled dynamics that complicated precise control. This study applied a decoupling control strategy that separated interaction effects so that pH and TDS could be controlled more independently. The system was developed using a pH sensor, a TDS sensor, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and three peristaltic pumps for adding pH up, pH down, and nutrient solutions. The results showed that the decoupling control system in simulation-maintained pH stability with a rise time of 6.04 s, a settling time of 31.04 s, an overshoot of 9.59%, and a steady-state error of 0, while TDS achieved a rise time of 84.79 s, a settling time of 161.45 s, and a steady-state error of 0.0005%. The hardware implementation demonstrated similar performance with a pH rise time of 42.62 s, a settling time of 46 s, an overshoot of 10%, a steady-state error of 0.68%, and TDS with a rise time of 62.35 s, a settling time of 91 s, an overshoot of 2.40%, and a steady-state error of 0.72%. This study proved that the decoupling method provided more optimal nutrient control performance in hydroponic systems.
Co-Authors Mochammad Rusli, Mochammad Siswojo, Bambang