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Kim, Ri Myong
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Self-Strengthening Bio-based Coatings via Autoxidative Cross-linking of Linseed Oil-Derived Surfactants Kim, Ri Myong; Pak, Hyon Tae; Hong, Son Il; Kang, Song Hun; Jo, Song Ik; Ju, Su Jin; Han, Yong Hwan; Liang, Il Song
Journal of Chemical Engineering Research Progress 2026: JCERP, Volume 3 Issue 2 Year 2026 (December) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/jcerp.20691

Abstract

A high-performance, bio-based wax emulsion was formulated using surfactants derived from linseed oil—linseed oil sodium soap (LOS) and linseed oil monoglyceride (LOM). Based on their complementary hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB ~18 for LOS, ~5 for LOM), a 50:50 blend was predicted to match the HLB requirement of beeswax (9–12). Experimental optimization confirmed that a 15% beeswax emulsion stabilized by 5% total concentration of this blend exhibited exceptional properties: fine particle size (D[4,3] = 307 nm), high electrostatic stability (ζ = -31.7 mV), and resistance to centrifugation and thermal aging (50 °C, >28 days). The key innovation lies in the dry film performance. Quantitative FTIR analysis revealed a 72% consumption of C=C bonds over 30 days, confirming spontaneous oxidative crosslinking of the surfactants' unsaturated bonds. This crosslinking led to a continuous 59% increase in elastic modulus (255 → 405 MPa) and superior water resistance (0.9% absorption), significantly outperforming films prepared with conventional saturated or synthetic emulsifiers. This work demonstrates that linseed oil-derived surfactants function as dual-purpose agents, effective emulsifiers and latent crosslinkers, providing a novel strategy for sustainable, high-performance coatings that evolve functionally after application. The intrinsic coating properties were established using PET as an inert model substrate to isolate coating performance from substrate effects. The exceptional barrier and mechanical properties of the developed coating remained effective in preliminary evaluations on paper substrates, confirming its potential for sustainable packaging applications where water resistance and mechanical durability are critical. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Elemental Sulfur as a Catalyst Precursor for Gas-Liquid Heterogeneous Chlorination of Acetic Acid: Kinetics and Optimization for Enhanced Monochloroacetic Acid Selectivity and Productivity Wi, Kwang Il; Kim, Ri Myong; Ryo, Tae Hun; Ri, Song Chol; Kim, Nam Chun; Han, Hak Chol; Han, Un Chol; Choe, Hae Song; Ri, Kwang Won
Journal of Chemical Engineering Research Progress 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026
Publisher : UPT Laboratorium Terpadu, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/jcerp.20704

Abstract

Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is a pivotal intermediate in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, but its industrial synthesis via acetic acid chlorination faces challenges related to selectivity and reaction time. This study investigates the kinetics of gas-liquid heterogeneous acetic acid chlorination using elemental sulfur as a catalyst precursor to establish a scientific basis for process optimization. A consecutive-parallel reaction mechanism was proposed incorporating acetic acid consumption, acetyl chloride conversion, MCA formation, and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) formation. Kinetic parameters were determined at 353, 363, 373, and 383 K in a steel bubble column reactor with fixed initial sulfur concentration (1.92 mol/L) and Cl₂ space velocity (4.028 L·L⁻¹·h⁻¹). The activation energy for DCA formation (87.55 kJ·mol⁻¹) was substantially higher than that for MCA accumulation (52.40 kJ·mol⁻¹). Relative rate analysis revealed that k₃/k₄ decreases continuously from 1.83 at 353 K to 0.76 at 383 K, confirming that lower temperatures favor MCA selectivity. The proposed kinetic model showed excellent agreement with experimental data (R² > 0.98). Based on the kinetic analysis, three optimization strategies were derived: maintaining high acetic acid concentration, dynamic adjustment of Cl₂ feed rate, and implementation of a decreasing temperature-time profile. This work provides a scientific basis for optimizing industrial MCA synthesis using low-cost sulfur as a catalyst precursor.
Co-Authors Choe, Hae Song Han, Hak Chol Han, Un Chol Han, Yong Hwan Hong, Son Il Jo, Song Ik Ju, Su Jin Kang, Song Hun Kim, Nam Chun Liang, Il Song Pak, Hyon Tae Ri, Kwang Won Ri, Song Chol Ryo, Tae Hun Wi, Kwang Il