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All Journal Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Belitung Nursing Journal
Abou Zeid, Mennat Allah G.
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Nursing

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The Role of Psychological Empowerment in Linking Paradoxical Leadership to Nurses’ Workplace Thriving Abou Zeid, Mennat Allah G.; Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdullatif
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 16, No 1 (2026): (April 2026) [In Progress]
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v16i1.79281

Abstract

Background: Paradoxical leadership, characterized by balancing competing yet interrelated managerial demands, such as maintaining managerial control while simultaneously allowing nurses’ professional autonomy, has emerged as a promising leadership approach in complex healthcare environments. However, empirical evidence regarding how paradoxical leadership relates to positive psychological outcomes, such as psychological empowerment and workplace thriving, remains limited in nursing research, particularly within Middle Eastern healthcare contexts.Purpose: This study examined the association between paradoxical leadership and workplace thriving among nurses and explored the potential mediating role of psychological empowerment.  Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 231 nursing staff from three tertiary hospitals. Data were collected through a web-based survey that included the Paradoxical Leadership Behavior Scale, Psychological Empowerment Scale, and Thriving at Work Scale, along with demographic information. Structural equation modeling using the partial least squares approach was applied to examine the hypothesized relationships.Results: Nurses reported moderate levels of paradoxical leadership (M = 3.12, SD = 0.44), psychological empowerment (M = 4.37, SD = 0.69), and workplace thriving (M = 3.45, SD = 0.45). Paradoxical leadership was positively associated with psychological empowerment (β = 0.720, p < .001) and workplace thriving (β = 0.553, p < .001). Psychological empowerment was also positively associated with workplace thriving (β = 0.336, p < .001). Mediation analysis indicated a significant indirect association between paradoxical leadership and workplace thriving through psychological empowerment (β = 0.241, p < .001), suggesting a partial mediation pattern consistent with the proposed model.Conclusion: Paradoxical leadership was positively associated with nurses’ workplace thriving both directly and indirectly through psychological empowerment. These findings highlight the potential relevance of leadership practices that balance competing managerial demands in supporting nurses’ positive work experiences. Leadership development initiatives that foster empowering leadership behaviors may help strengthen nurses’ engagement and thriving within healthcare organizations.
The moderating role of psychological capital in the relationship between workplace bullying and job burnout among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study Abou Zeid, Mennat Allah G.; Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdullatif
Belitung Nursing Journal Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): March - April
Publisher : Belitung Raya Publisher - Belitung Raya Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33546/bnj.4404

Abstract

Background: Workplace bullying remains a pervasive problem in nursing, adversely affecting nurses’ well-being and professional functioning. Prolonged exposure to bullying is associated with emotional exhaustion and job burnout. However, the potential buffering role of internal psychological resources, particularly psychological capital, has not been sufficiently examined. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between workplace bullying and job burnout among hospital nurses and examined whether psychological capital moderates this relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 nurses from two hospitals between July and September 2025. Data were collected using the Short Negative Acts Questionnaire, the Work-Related Burnout subscale of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, and a demographic and professional characteristics form. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and moderation analysis using PROCESS macro (Model 1). Results: Nurses reported moderate levels of workplace bullying (M = 2.31, SD = 1.12) and job burnout (M = 2.44, SD = 0.91). Psychological capital was relatively high (M = 4.89, SD = 1.08), including optimism (M = 4.93, SD = 1.09), hope (M = 4.96, SD = 1.13), self-efficacy (M = 4.77, SD = 1.19), and resilience (M = 4.89, SD = 1.17). Job burnout differed significantly across age groups (p = 0.043). Workplace bullying and job burnout varied by educational level (p = 0.019 and p = 0.021, respectively), and workplace bullying differed by gender (p = 0.001). Moderation analysis indicated that workplace bullying was positively associated with job burnout (B = 0.472, p < 0.001), whereas psychological capital was negatively associated with burnout (B = -0.135, p < 0.01). The interaction between workplace bullying and psychological capital was significant (B = 00.106, p < 0.01), indicating that psychological capital attenuated the positive association between workplace bullying and job burnout. Conclusion: Psychological capital functions as a protective factor that buffers the adverse impact of workplace bullying on nurses’ job burnout. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening nurses’ psychological resources through organizational strategies and resilience-enhancing interventions to promote well-being and reduce burnout risk.
Co-Authors Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdullatif