MEDIA MEDIKA INDONESIANA
2010:MMI VOLUME 44 ISSUE 2 YEAR 2010

Pengaruh Ekstrak Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia Galanga) Dosis Bertingkat Terhadap Ekspresi Caspase 3 dan Grading Kanker Payudara Mencit C3H

Vega Karlowee (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro)
Tjahjono Tjahjono (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro)
Noor Wijayahadi (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Aug 2010

Abstract

Effect of oral administered graded doses of alpinia galanga on the caspase 3 expression and histopathological grading of breast cancer in C3H miceBackground: 1’-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (ACA), in Alpinia galanga, known to have pro apoptotic and anticancer effects. The pro apoptotic effect is by elevating caspase 8 and 9 activity. ACA causes the cycle cell stops at G0/G1 phase. The aim of this study is to prove the effect on caspase 3 and histopathological grading of breast cancer.Method: It was an laboratory experimental with post test only control group design. Four groups of C3H mice, aged 2-3 months, had breast cancer inoculation. After the tumor mass were palpabled, K received no extract, P1, P2, P3 received Alpinia galanga extract at dose levels of 225, 450, 750 mg/kgBW/day, for 2 weeks. Immunohistochemistry examination of caspase 3 expression was scored with Allred criteria and cancer grading was scored with modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (MSBR) criteria. All data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, with level of significant α <0.05.Result: At P1, P2, P3 there were 1, 5, 7 mice dead in each group before termination, while in K all were survived. Pro protocol analysis showed no significance difference on caspase 3 expression (p=0.137) and grading score (p=0.399) between groups. Intention to treat analysis showed significance differences on caspase 3 expression between P1 with K (p=0.033) and P3 (p=0.005), and significance difference on grading score between P3 with K (p=0.002) and P1 (p=0.004). Histopathology examination showed damages on liver and kidney, especially in P3, which might be the mice’s cause of death.Conclusion: Caspase 3 expression is the highest at dose level of 225 mg/kgBW/day. Grading score is the lowest at dose level of 750 mg/kgBW/day.ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Senyawa 1’-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (ACA) dalam Alpinia galanga memiliki efek proapoptosis dan antikanker. Efek proapoptosis melalui aktivasi caspase 8 dan 9. ACA menyebabkan terhentinya siklus sel fase G0/G1. Tujuan penelititan ini adalah membuktikan adanya efek terhadap caspase 3 dan grading kanker payudara.Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental dengan desain post test only control group. Mencit C3H usia 2–3 bulan dibagi 4 kelompok, diinokulasi kanker payudara. Setelah tumbuh massa tumor, kontrol (K) tidak diberi perlakuan dan P1, P2, P3 diberi ekstrak Alpinia galanga dosis 225, 450, 750 mg/kgBB/hari selama 2 minggu. Penilaian ekspresi caspase 3 berdasarkan kriteria Allred dan grading kanker berdasarkan kriteria modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (MSBR). Dilakukan uji beda Kruskal-Wallis dengan tingkat kemaknaan α <0,05. Hasil: Pada P1, P2, P3, didapatkan kematian mencit sebanyak 1, 5, dan 7 ekor, sedangkan K tidak ada. Dalam pro protocol analysis, tidak ada perbedaan bermakna ekspresi caspase 3 (p=0,137) maupun grading kanker (p=0,399) antar kelompok. Pada intention to treat analysis ekspresi caspase 3, ada perbedaan bermakna antara P1 dengan K (p=0,033) dan P3 (p=0,005). Pada grading kanker payudara, ada perbedaan bermakna antara P3 dengan K (p=0,002) dan P1 (p=0,004). Pada histopatologis organ, ditemukan kerusakan hati dan ginjal, terutama pada P3, yang kemungkinan mengakibatkan kematian mencit.Kesimpulan: Skor ekspresi caspase 3 kanker payudara tertinggi didapatkan pada dosis 225 mg/kgBB/hari. Skor grading kanker payudara terendah didapatkan pada dosis 750 mg/kgBB/hari.

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