Pengaruh gel ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) konsentrasi 5% terhadap re-epitelisasi luka pasca pencabutan gigi tikus putih Wistar (Rattus norvegicus)The effect of 5% binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract gel on wounds re-epithelialization after tooth extraction of white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Dewi Ayu Septiana (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Jannatus Salis Sa'diyah (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Nanda Nailul Farih (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)
Juwita Raditya Ningsih (Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta)

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran
Vol 31, No 3 (2019): Desember 2019

Pendahuluan: Pencabutan gigi merupakan salah satu tindakan perawatan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Epitel gingiva yang rusak akibat proses pencabutan gigi akan mengalami proses penyembuhan yang disebut re-epitelisasi. Re-epitelisasi merupakan parameter penting dalam penyembuhan luka soket pasca pencabutan gigi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa daun binahong memiliki kandungan aktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tanin, asam oleanolik, dan saponin, yang berperan dalam re-epitelisasi pasca pencabutan gigi tikus putih Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh gel ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) konsentrasi 5 % terhadap re-epitelisasi luka pasca pencabutan gigi tikus putih Wistar. Metode: Obyek penelitian berupa 45 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan kelompok uji yang diberi gel ekstrak daun binahong. Gigi insisivus sentral kiri rahang bawah dicabut, kemudian masing-masing diberi CMC-Na 1% (kontrol negatif), iod gliserin (kontrol positif) dan gel ekstrak daun binahong konsentrasi 5% (kelompok perlakuan), selama 10 menit sehari sekali. Tikus diterminasi pada hari ke 3, 5, 7, 14, dan 21 pasca dilakukan pencabutan gigi, kemudian diambil rahang bawahnya untuk dibuat preparat histologis dengan pengecatan hematoksilin eosin. Ketebalan epitel diukur dengan Optilab dan software image raster. Hasil: Hasil uji one-way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan ketebalan epitel yang bermakna antar kelompok (p<0,05) pada masing-masing hari. Hasil uji Least Significant of Difference (LSD) menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada hari ke-3, 5, 7, 14, dan 21 pasca pencabutan antara kelompok gel ekstrak daun binahong dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, serta pada hari ke-5, 14, dan 21 pasca pencabutan antara kelompok gel ekstrak daun binahong dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Simpulan: Pemberian gel ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia) konsentrasi 5% memiliki pengaruh terhadap re-epitelisasi luka pasca pencabutan gigi tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus).Kata kunci: Gel ekstrak daun binahong, pencabutan gigi, re-epitelisasi. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tooth extraction is one of the treatments in dentistry. The damaged gingival epithelium after tooth extraction will undergo a healing process called re-epithelialization. Re-epithelialization is an essential parameter in the healing wound process after tooth extraction. Previous studies have shown that binahong leaves have active ingredients such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, oleanolic acids, and saponins, which play a role in re-epithelialization after the extraction of the teeth of white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study was aimed to determine the effect of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract gel with a concentration of 5% on wound re-epithelialization of wounds after tooth extraction of white Wistar rats. Methods: 45 white Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, namely negative control, positive control, and the test groups which were administered with binahong leaf extract gel. The mandibular left central incisors were extracted, then applied with 1% CMC-Na (negative control), glycerin iodine (positive control), and 5% binahong leaf extract gel (treatment group), for 10 minutes once a day. All rats were terminated on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after tooth extraction. Then their lower jaw was taken to make histological preparations with hematoxylin eosin staining. Epithelial thickness was measured by Optilab and raster image software. Results: One-way ANOVA test results showed that there were significant differences in epithelial thickness among groups (p<0.05) on each day. The Least Significant of Difference (LSD) test results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after extraction, between the binahong leaf extract gel groups compared with the negative control, and on the 5th, 14th, and 21st day after extraction, between binahong leaf extract gel group compared with the positive control. Conclusion: Administration of 5% binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract gel has an influence on the wound re-epithelialization after tooth extraction of white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: Binahong leaf extract gel, tooth extraction, re-epithelialization.