Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Citrullus lanatus sebagai Agen Imunosupresi melalui Pengamatan Histologi Limpa Mencit BALB/c

Makiyah, Sri Nabawiyati Nurul
Wardhani, Ulinna'ma Hayati

Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Vol 49, No 4 (2017)

Citrullus lanatus mengandung flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai agen imunosupresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perubahan diameter pulpa alba limpa mencit BALB/c yang diinduksi ovalbumin (OVA) setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol buah C. lanatus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit BALB/c jantan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu tiga kelompok kontrol (normal, negatif, dan metilprednisolon) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan ekstrak etanol C. lanatus dosis 175 mg/kgBB, 350 mg/kgBB, dan 700 mg/kgBB per hari. Ekstrak dan Metilprednisolon diberikan selama 28 hari, sedangkan OVA diberikan pada hari ke-15 dan ke-22 secara intraperitoneal dan per oral pada hari ke-23 sampai dengan hari ke-28. Pada hari ke-29, mencit dikorbankan dan organ limpa diambil untuk dibuat sediaan histologi dengan teknik pewarnaan HE. Efek imunosupresi dinilai dari rata-rata diameter pulpa alba limpa. Data dianalisis dengan uji nonparametrik Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Mann-Whitney. Diameter pulpa alba limpa mengalami peningkatan setelah diinduksi OVA, pemberian ekstrak etanol C. lanatus dosis 700 mg/kgBB dan metilprednisolon menyebabkan penurunan diameter pulpa alba limpa secara bermakna (p<0,05), tetapi ekstrak etanol C. lanatus dosis 175 dan 350 mg/kgBB tidak menurunkan diameter pulpa alba limpa. Ekstrak etanol C. lanatus dosis 700 mg/kgBB mampu menurunkan diameter pulpa alba pada limpa mencit BALB/c yang diinduksi OVA sehingga berpotensi sebagai agen imunosupresi. Kata kunci: Agen imunosupresi, citrullus lanatus, mencit BALB/c, ovalbumin, pulpa alba limpaCitrullus lanatus Ethanol Extract Potential as Immunosupressive Agent based on Spleen Histology Observation in BALB/c MiceCitrullus lanatus contains flavonoid which is known as an immunosuppresion agent. This study aimed to evaluate BALB/c mice spleen white pulp diameter after Ovalbumin (OVA) induction and administration of C. lanatus ethanol extract. This was a post-test only control group experimental study. Thirty male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups consisting of three control groups (normal, negative, and methylprednisolone) and three C. lanatus ethanol extract treatment groups (175 mg/kg bw, 350mg/kg bw, and 700mg/kg bw dose per day). The ethanol extract and methylprednisolone were administered to the respective groups for 28 consecutive days, while the OVA was given intraperitoneally on day 15 and day 22 and orally from day 23 to day 28. On day 29, the mice were sacrificed and their spleen were processed histologically using the HE staining technique. The immunosupression effect was assessed by measuring the  white pulp spleen diameter. Data were analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney test. After OVA induction, the diameter of white pulp spleen was found to increase. Significant decrease in the spleen white pulp diameter (p<0.05) was seen in the 700 mg/kgbw C. lanatus ethanol extract group and methylprednisolone group. No shortening of the spleen white pulp diameter was seen in 175 mg/kg bw and 350 mg/kgbw C. lanatus ethanol extract groups. Hence, 700 mg/kgbw C. lanatus ethanol extract can decrease the spleen white pulp diameter  in an OVA-induced BALB/c mice and may have a potential to be used as an immunosuppressive agent. Key words: BALB/c mice, citrullus lanatus, immunosuppresion agent, ovalbumin, white pulp of spleen