Organofosfat merupakan pestisida yang disukai oleh petani karena hasilnya terlihat jelas pada tanaman. Namun, pajanan organofosfat terhadap manusia dapat menimbulkan gangguan akut maupun kronis yang disebabkan sifat residunya. Untuk mengetahui pajanan pestisida pada manusia, dapat dilakukan biomonitoring dengan cara mengukur aktivitas enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dalam darah. Cara organofosfat dalam menyebabkan efek toksik di antaranya dengan menghambat kerja enzim AChE. Enzim AChE yang terhambat menyebabkan proses pengiriman impuls saraf dapat mengalami gangguan, salah satunya gangguan fungsi kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan pestisida organofosfat terhadap aktivitas enzim AChE eritrosit dan fungsi kognitif pada petani. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan potong lintang dengan pendekatan observasi analitik. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 69 petani yang menggunakan pestisida organofosfat di daerah Lembang dan Pangalengan, Bandung. Data yang diambil berupa data karakteristik, aktivitas AChE eritrosit yang diambil dari sampel darah petani yang kemudian diukur dengan metode Ellman di laboratorium, dan fungsi kognitif menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination. Hasilnya, diperoleh 26 responden (38%) mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif dan 43 responden (62%) memiliki fungsi kognitif normal. Uji statistik menunjukkan faktor umur (p=0,010), pendidikan (p=0,002) serta faktor okupasi durasi penyemprotan (p=0,016) memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan fungsi kognitif. Faktor okupasi juga memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap aktivitas asetilkolinesterase pada petani, yaitu faktor frekuensi penyemprotan (p=0,035) dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) (p=0,011). Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor okupasi terhadap aktivitas asetilkolinesterase eritrosit dan fungsi kognitif pada petani yang menggunakan pestisida organofosfat.Kata kunci: AChE, asetilkolinesterase, kognitif, okupasi, organofosfat, pestisidaCorrelation of Occupation Factor on the Activities of Erytrocyt Acetylcholinesterase and Cognitive Function in Farmers Using Organophosphate PesticideAbstractOrganophosphate is a pesticide preferred by farmers due to the clearly observed result in plants. However, the residual characteristics have been implicated in induced acute or chronic complications, following an exposure to humans. The extent is determined through biomonitoring, by measuring the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in blood, which is inhibited by the toxic effect of organophosphate. In addition, there is a possibility of interference with the nerve impulse transmission, leading to impaired cognitive function. These are skills related to attention, memory, judgment, problem solving, and abilities in planning, monitoring and evaluating. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the relationship of organophosphate pesticide exposure to erythrocyte AChE enzyme activity and cognitive function in farmers. Therefore, a cross-sectional design with analytical observational approach was employed, and the samples include 69 farmers using organophosphate pesticides in Lembang and Pangalengan, Bandung. The data collected comprised of individual characteristics, erythrocyte AChE activity in blood samples measured by Ellman method in the laboratory, and cognitive function using Mini Mental State Examination questionnaire. The results showed a total of 26 respondents (38%) experiencing cognitive impairment, while 43 (62%) had normal function. Based on statistical evaluation, age (p=0.010), education (p=0.002), and occupational duration of spraying (p=0.016) had significant relationship with cognitive function. Furthermore, the occupational factors also have a significant relationship with acetylcholinesterase activity, in the aspect of spraying frequency (p=0.035) and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (p=0.011). In conclusion, a substantial correlation was established between occupational factors on erythrocyte acetylcholineesterase activity and the cognitive function of farmers using organophosphate pesticides.Keywords: Acethylcholinesterase, AChE, cognitive, occupation, organophosphate, pesticide
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