<![CDATA[This article is about a socio-pragmatic study on the language used by theJavanese society which has some speech levels (or unggah-ungguh in Javanese)called ngoko, krama madya, and krama inggil and the language used by the Bataksociety which does not have such speech levels.The difference concerning speech levels between the two societies isinfluenced by their traditional ways of living. The traditional Javanese society isdivided into two levels: the priyayi (or the nobility) and wong cilik (or thecommoner) levels. A priyayi uses ngoko in communicating with a wong cilik butthe latter cannot use it in communicating with the former. In such a case, the wongcilik uses krama inggil. This seems to indicate that solidarity in the Javanesesociety is poor. On the other hand, the Batak society does not have such levels sothat there are no speech levels in its language. Though the Batak society has manymargas, which means that any members of the society having the same last namebelong to the same marga and are regarded as members of the same family (therelevant term is dongan sabutuha), they are obliged to help other people who donot belong to their marga because the philosophy of the Batak society is dalihan natolu, which explains that solidarity in the Batak society is very important.Keywords: socio-pragmatic, ways of living, speech levels, solidarity]]>
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