Identifikasi Kekerabatan Genetik Klon-klon Bawang Putih Indonesia Menggunakan Isozim dan RAPD

Hardiyanto, -
Devy, Nirmala Fiyanti
Martasari, Chaereni

Jurnal Hortikultura
Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008

ABSTRAK. Beberapa klon bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal di Indonesia umumnya diberi nama oleh petani berdasarkan nama daerah atau lokasi, sehingga klon yang secara genetik sama kemungkinan dapat berbeda namanya. Dengan demikian identifikasi klon bawang putih berdasarkan marka biokimia maupun molekuler sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaman dan kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2005, sedangkan untuk analisis isozim dan RAPD masing-masing dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor. Berdasarkan metode isozim dan RAPD, kisaran nilai kekerabatan genetik yang dihasilkan hampir sama, masing-masing 0,53-0,91 dan 0,54-0,94. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal cukup rendah. Metode isozim dan 2 primer RAPD, yaitu OPG 18 dan OPN 06 dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi dan penamaan ulang klon bawang putih lokal.ABSTRACT. 2008 Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and C. Martasari. 2008 . Identification of Genetic Relationship among Indonesian Garlic Clones Using Isozyme and RAPD. Local garlic clones (Allium sativum L.) in Indonesia mostly was named by growers based on region or location, thus many genetically-identical clones may have different name. Therefore, identification of garlic clones through biochemical and molecular markers were needed. The aim of this research was to obtain the information of genetic variation and relationship of local garlic clones. This research was carried out at Banaran Experimental Garden Batu, from June to November 2005, whereas isozyme and RAPD analyses were conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratorium, Brawijaya University and Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bogor, respectively. The value of genetic relationship showed by isozyme and RAPD methods was almost the same, these were 0.53-0.91 and 0.54-0.94, respectively. Level of genetic relationship among local garlic clones was quite low.Isozyme and 2 primers of OPG 18 and OPN 06 were useful for identification and denomination of local garlic clones.