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Identifikasi Kekerabatan Genetik Klon-klon Bawang Putih Indonesia Menggunakan Isozim dan RAPD Hardiyanto, -; Devy, Nirmala Fiyanti; Martasari, Chaereni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

ABSTRAK. Beberapa klon bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal di Indonesia umumnya diberi nama oleh petani berdasarkan nama daerah atau lokasi, sehingga klon yang secara genetik sama kemungkinan dapat berbeda namanya. Dengan demikian identifikasi klon bawang putih berdasarkan marka biokimia maupun molekuler sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaman dan kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2005, sedangkan untuk analisis isozim dan RAPD masing-masing dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor. Berdasarkan metode isozim dan RAPD, kisaran nilai kekerabatan genetik yang dihasilkan hampir sama, masing-masing 0,53-0,91 dan 0,54-0,94. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal cukup rendah. Metode isozim dan 2 primer RAPD, yaitu OPG 18 dan OPN 06 dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi dan penamaan ulang klon bawang putih lokal.ABSTRACT. 2008 Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and C. Martasari. 2008 . Identification of Genetic Relationship among Indonesian Garlic Clones Using Isozyme and RAPD. Local garlic clones (Allium sativum L.) in Indonesia mostly was named by growers based on region or location, thus many genetically-identical clones may have different name. Therefore, identification of garlic clones through biochemical and molecular markers were needed. The aim of this research was to obtain the information of genetic variation and relationship of local garlic clones. This research was carried out at Banaran Experimental Garden Batu, from June to November 2005, whereas isozyme and RAPD analyses were conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratorium, Brawijaya University and Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bogor, respectively. The value of genetic relationship showed by isozyme and RAPD methods was almost the same, these were 0.53-0.91 and 0.54-0.94, respectively. Level of genetic relationship among local garlic clones was quite low.Isozyme and 2 primers of OPG 18 and OPN 06 were useful for identification and denomination of local garlic clones.

Sifat Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Terpadu Kebun Jeruk Sehat dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat Kahmir, Hilmi Ridwan; ruswandi, Agus; Winarno, -; Muharam, Agus; Hardiyanto, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu buah jeruk di Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura telah melaksanakan program penelitian dan pengkajian penerapan pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat (PTKJS) di beberapa provinsi sentra produksi jeruk. Pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat meliputi (a) penggunaan bibit jeruk berlabel bebas penyakit, (b) pengendalian OPT terutama vektor penyakit CVPD, (c) sanitasi kebun yang baik, (d) pemeliharaan tanaman secara optimal, dan (e) konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sifat inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi oleh petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat, dari bulan April sampai Desember 2006, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua inovasi teknologi PTKJS diadopsi oleh petani jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas. Inovasi teknologi yang tidak diadopsi oleh petani memiliki sifat inovasi yang berkategori nilai rendah. Inovasi teknologi tersebut adalah penggunaan perangkap kuning, penyiraman tanah dengan insektisida, penggunaan sex feromon, pemberongsongan, penyulaman dengan bibit berlabel, pemangkasan arsitektur, penyiraman tanaman dan pemanenan secara benar, serta konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang sangat cepat diadopsi oleh petani adalah penyaputan batang menggunakan bubur (belerang) Kalifornia. Faktor nonteknis yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi PTKJS adalah kurang dukungan benih bermutu dari instansi berwenang, kurang dukungan penyediaan input produksi, khususnya belerang, rendahnya harga jual, dan kurangnya modal finansial petani.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., A. Ruswandi, Winarno, A. Muharam, and Hardiyanto. 2008. Iï¿½ï¿½ï¿½vï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Innovation Characteristics and Technologies Application of Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid (ICMHCO) on the Development of Citrus Agribusiness in Sambas District, West Kalimantan. To increase production and quality of citrus in Indonesia, the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development has conducted research and assessment program of ICMHCO in several provinces. Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid consists of (a) labelled and free diseases planting materials use, (b) pests and diseases control especially for the CVPD vector, (c) good field sanitation, (d) optimum cultural practices, and (e) field management consolidation. The objectives of this research was to evaluate characteristics of ICMHCO innovatory technologies that affect the adoption of the innovations by the farmers. The research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, from April to December 2006, using survey method. The results showed that only a part of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were adopted by the citrus farmers in Sambas District. The non-adopted technologies generally have low value of technology characteristics. The technologies were labelled free diseases planting materials, yellow trap application, drenching with insecticide solutions, sex pheromon application, pruning, fruit wraping, irrigation and good harvesting practices. The innovatory technologies promptly adopted by the citrus farmers was California (sulphur) paste application. Non-technical factors that affect the adoption of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were less quality seed support institutionally, less support of production input from the proper institution especially for sulphur, low selling price and less financial capital of the farmers.

Kekerabatan Genetik Beberapa Spesies Jeruk Berdasarkan Taksonometri Hardiyanto, -; Mujiarto, E; Sulasmi, E S
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

ABSTRAK. Metode karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada koleksi jeruk di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung sampai saat ini masih terbatas pada pengamatan morfologi. Dï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ Dengan demikian, data yang diperoleh belum cukup untuk menggambarkan kekerabatan spesies jeruk, sebab deskripsinya belum menggambarkan karakter sebenarnya dari berbagai spesies jeruk yang dikoleksi. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh informasi mengenai karakter morfologi varietas-varietas lokal jeruk dari beberapa spesies dan menentukan kedudukan takson/kategori secara hierarki untuk varietas jeruk lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi, Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Negeri Malang dan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung-Batu. Jeruk yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 3 spesies jeruk komersial masing-masing 3 varietas, yaitu Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cinakonde, Batu, dan Pulung), C. maxima Merr. (Nambangan, Sambas, dan Sri Nyonya), dan C. sinensis Osbeck. (Pacitan, Kupang, dan Punten). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan secara morfologi maupun anatomi diantara spesies jeruk dan varietas jeruk lokal. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik pada 3 spesies jeruk juga sangat rendah. Adapun nilai kekerabatan untuk variets jeruk lokal pada C. maxima merr, C. reticulata Blanco, dan C. sinensis Osbeck masing-masing adalah 68%, 54%, dan 47%. Namun demikian, varietas lokal Nambangan (C. maxima Merr) dan Cinakonde (C. reticulata Blanco) ternyata terpisah dari kelompoknya pada analisis klaster dan menunjukkan ciri-ciri yang berbeda. Vï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ ï¿½ Varietas jeruk lokal yang diteliti tidak semua dapat dikategorikan sebagai varietas. Secara hierarki Nambangan dan Cinakonde dapat dikategorikan sebagai varietas, sedangkan varietas jeruk lokal yang lain dikategorikan sebagai subspesies sebab tidak adanya karakter yang membedakan dari kelompoknya secara jelas.ABSTRACT. Hardiyanto, E. Mujiarto, and E.S. Sulasmi. 2007. Genetic Relationship Among Several Citrus Species Based on Taxonometry. Characterization method applied on citrus collection in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, up to now was only based on morphological observation. Therefore, the obtained data have not really described the citrus relationship because the descriptions have not yet expressed the real characters of collected citrus species. The aim of this research was to obtain some information on morphological characteristics and a hierarchy taxon status of local varieties derived from several species. The research was carried out at Biology laboratorium, Malang University and Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute. Three citrus species with 3 varieties, respectively, were used in this research, those were Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cinakonde, Batu, and Pulung), C. maxima Merr. (Nambangan, Sambas, and Sri Nyonya), and C. sinensis Osbeck (Pacitan, Kupang, and Punten). The results indicated that there were morphological and anatomical different among citrus species as well as local citrus varieties. The level of genetic relationship among three citrus species was aslso very low. Moreover, the level of genetic relationship of local citrus varieties of C. maxima Merr, C. reticulata Blanco, and C. sinensis Osbeck was 68, 54, and 47%, repectively. Nevertheless, Nambangan (C. maxima Merr) and Cinakonde (C. reticulata Blanco) were separated from its group based on cluster analysis and showed different characters. It seems that not all citrus varieties studied were categorized as varieties. It was only Nambangan and Cinakonde were categorized as varieties, while other citrus varieties were categorized as subspecies because there was no different character identified within their groups.

Eksplorasi, Karakterisasi, dan Evaluasi Beberapa Klon Bawang Putih Lokal Hardiyanto, -; Devy, Nirmala Friyanti; Supriyanto, Arry
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 4 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

ABSTRAK. Bawang putih lokal saat ini sangat sulit dijumpai di pasaran setelah membanjirnya bawang putih impor ke Indonesia. Hal ini tentunya diperlukan upaya perbaikan produktivitas dan kualitas bawang putih lokal sekaligus sebagai konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter morfologi beberapa klon bawang putih lokal dan mendapatkan klon-klon bawang putih lokal hasil evaluasi yang potensial dan prospektif yang dapat bersaing dengan bawang putih impor. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu pada ketinggian 900 m dpl. mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2005. Eksplorasi dilakukan di beberapa daerah sentra produksi bawang putih. Karakterisasi dan evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan descriptor lists dari IPGRI yang meliputi morfologi tanaman, produksi, dan kualitas umbi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok terdiri dari 10 klon diulang 3 kali. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 3 klon bawang putih baru, yaitu Teki, Ciwidey, dan Lumbu Kayu. Daya tumbuh 10 klon bawang putih yang ditanam di KP Banaran, Batu umumnya tinggi yaitu sekitar 95%. Dilihat dari umur panen, klon dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu umur panen pendek (90-110 hari setelah tanam) meliputi NTT, Teki, Sanggah, dan Lumbu Kuning, umur panen sedang (111-131 hari setelah tanam) meliputi Saigon, Lumbu Hijau, Krisik, Tawangmangu, dan Ciwidey, dan umur panen dalam (di atas 131 hari), yaitu Tiongkok. Tinggi batang semu bervariasi antara 9-26 cm. Klon Ciwidey dan Tiongkok terlihat paling pendek dibandingkan dengan klon lainnya. Diameter batang semu klon Tawangmangu terlihat paling besar dibandingkan klon lainnya meskipun tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon Teki. Terhadap jumlah daun, klon Ciwidey paling sedikit (9 helai) dibandingkan klon lainnya (11-15 helai). Hasil dan komponen hasil terlihat bahwa klon Tawangmangu dan Krisik memiliki bobot umbi yang paling tinggi, yaitu masing-masing 66,67 g dan 58,33 g/tanaman dibandingkan 8 klon lainnya. Sedangkan klon Sanggah dan NTT memiliki bobot umbi terendah, yaitu hanya 23,67 g dan 24,33 g/tanaman. Adapun produksi total tertinggi dicapai oleh klon Tawangmangu dan Lumbu Hijau masing-masing mencapai 33,21 t/ha dan 29,49 t/ha.ABSTRACT. Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and A. Supriyanto. 2007. Exploration, Characterization, and Evaluation of Several Local Garlic Clones. Currently local garlics were rarely found in the market due to the flooding of imported garlic to Indonesia. Therefore, some efforts are needed to improve the productivity and quality as well as the conservation of local garlic clones. The aim of this research was to obtain some information on morphological characteristics of local garlic clones and the potential and prospective of local garlic clones which can compete with imported garlic. This research was conducted in Banaran Experimental Garden, Batu (900 m asl) from July to October 2005. Exploration was carried out in several centers of local garlic production. Characterization and evaluation were based on descriptor lists published by IPGRI such as morphology, yields, and quality. Randomized block design was used in this research consisted of 10 clones with 3 replications. Three new garlic clones were collected through exploration, those were Teki, Ciwidey, and Lumbu Kayu. Growth percentage of 10 local garlic clones grown in Banaran Experimental Garden, Batu was relatively high, it was 95%. Based on harvesting time, clones were classified into 3 groups, those were short period (90-110 days after planting) i.e: NTT, Teki, Sanggah, and Lumbu Kuning; medium period (111-131 days after planting) i.e.: Saigon, Lumbu Hijau, Krisik, Tawangmangu, and Ciwidey; and long period (more than 131 days after planting) i.e. Tiongkok. Plant height was varied between 9-26 cm. Plant height of Ciwidey and Tiongkok were relatively shorter than others, whereas diameter of Tawangmangu and Teki were relatively bigger than others. Total leaf number of Ciwidey (9 leaves) was lower than others (11-15 leaves). Based on yields and yield components, bulb weight of Tawangmangu and Krisik were higher than others, i.e. 66.67 g and 58.33 g/plant respectively, whereas Sanggah and NTT were lower than others, i.e. 23.67 g and 24. 33 g/plant. The high yield were performed by Tawangmangu and Lumbu Hijau, it reached 33.21 t/ha and 29.49 t/ha, respectively.

Identifikasi Kekerabatan Genetik Klon-klon Bawang Putih Indonesia Menggunakan Isozim dan RAPD Hardiyanto, -; Devy, Nirmala Fiyanti; Martasari, Chaereni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n4.2008.p%p

ABSTRAK. Beberapa klon bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) lokal di Indonesia umumnya diberi nama oleh petani berdasarkan nama daerah atau lokasi, sehingga klon yang secara genetik sama kemungkinan dapat berbeda namanya. Dengan demikian identifikasi klon bawang putih berdasarkan marka biokimia maupun molekuler sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai keragaman dan kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu mulai bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2005, sedangkan untuk analisis isozim dan RAPD masing-masing dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Molekuler, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang dan Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogor. Berdasarkan metode isozim dan RAPD, kisaran nilai kekerabatan genetik yang dihasilkan hampir sama, masing-masing 0,53-0,91 dan 0,54-0,94. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik klon bawang putih lokal cukup rendah. Metode isozim dan 2 primer RAPD, yaitu OPG 18 dan OPN 06 dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi dan penamaan ulang klon bawang putih lokal.ABSTRACT. 2008 Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and C. Martasari. 2008 . Identification of Genetic Relationship among Indonesian Garlic Clones Using Isozyme and RAPD. Local garlic clones (Allium sativum L.) in Indonesia mostly was named by growers based on region or location, thus many genetically-identical clones may have different name. Therefore, identification of garlic clones through biochemical and molecular markers were needed. The aim of this research was to obtain the information of genetic variation and relationship of local garlic clones. This research was carried out at Banaran Experimental Garden Batu, from June to November 2005, whereas isozyme and RAPD analyses were conducted in Molecular Biology Laboratorium, Brawijaya University and Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bogor, respectively. The value of genetic relationship showed by isozyme and RAPD methods was almost the same, these were 0.53-0.91 and 0.54-0.94, respectively. Level of genetic relationship among local garlic clones was quite low.Isozyme and 2 primers of OPG 18 and OPN 06 were useful for identification and denomination of local garlic clones.

Eksplorasi, Karakterisasi, dan Evaluasi Beberapa Klon Bawang Putih Lokal - Hardiyanto; Nirmala Friyanti Devy; Arry Supriyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 4 (2007): Desember 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n4.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Bawang putih lokal saat ini sangat sulit dijumpai di pasaran setelah membanjirnya bawang putih impor ke Indonesia. Hal ini tentunya diperlukan upaya perbaikan produktivitas dan kualitas bawang putih lokal sekaligus sebagai konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter morfologi beberapa klon bawang putih lokal dan mendapatkan klon-klon bawang putih lokal hasil evaluasi yang potensial dan prospektif yang dapat bersaing dengan bawang putih impor. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Banaran, Batu pada ketinggian 900 m dpl. mulai bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2005. Eksplorasi dilakukan di beberapa daerah sentra produksi bawang putih. Karakterisasi dan evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan descriptor lists dari IPGRI yang meliputi morfologi tanaman, produksi, dan kualitas umbi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok terdiri dari 10 klon diulang 3 kali. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 3 klon bawang putih baru, yaitu Teki, Ciwidey, dan Lumbu Kayu. Daya tumbuh 10 klon bawang putih yang ditanam di KP Banaran, Batu umumnya tinggi yaitu sekitar 95%. Dilihat dari umur panen, klon dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori, yaitu umur panen pendek (90-110 hari setelah tanam) meliputi NTT, Teki, Sanggah, dan Lumbu Kuning, umur panen sedang (111-131 hari setelah tanam) meliputi Saigon, Lumbu Hijau, Krisik, Tawangmangu, dan Ciwidey, dan umur panen dalam (di atas 131 hari), yaitu Tiongkok. Tinggi batang semu bervariasi antara 9-26 cm. Klon Ciwidey dan Tiongkok terlihat paling pendek dibandingkan dengan klon lainnya. Diameter batang semu klon Tawangmangu terlihat paling besar dibandingkan klon lainnya meskipun tidak berbeda nyata dengan klon Teki. Terhadap jumlah daun, klon Ciwidey paling sedikit (9 helai) dibandingkan klon lainnya (11-15 helai). Hasil dan komponen hasil terlihat bahwa klon Tawangmangu dan Krisik memiliki bobot umbi yang paling tinggi, yaitu masing-masing 66,67 g dan 58,33 g/tanaman dibandingkan 8 klon lainnya. Sedangkan klon Sanggah dan NTT memiliki bobot umbi terendah, yaitu hanya 23,67 g dan 24,33 g/tanaman. Adapun produksi total tertinggi dicapai oleh klon Tawangmangu dan Lumbu Hijau masing-masing mencapai 33,21 t/ha dan 29,49 t/ha.ABSTRACT. Hardiyanto, N.F. Devy, and A. Supriyanto. 2007. Exploration, Characterization, and Evaluation of Several Local Garlic Clones. Currently local garlics were rarely found in the market due to the flooding of imported garlic to Indonesia. Therefore, some efforts are needed to improve the productivity and quality as well as the conservation of local garlic clones. The aim of this research was to obtain some information on morphological characteristics of local garlic clones and the potential and prospective of local garlic clones which can compete with imported garlic. This research was conducted in Banaran Experimental Garden, Batu (900 m asl) from July to October 2005. Exploration was carried out in several centers of local garlic production. Characterization and evaluation were based on descriptor lists published by IPGRI such as morphology, yields, and quality. Randomized block design was used in this research consisted of 10 clones with 3 replications. Three new garlic clones were collected through exploration, those were Teki, Ciwidey, and Lumbu Kayu. Growth percentage of 10 local garlic clones grown in Banaran Experimental Garden, Batu was relatively high, it was 95%. Based on harvesting time, clones were classified into 3 groups, those were short period (90-110 days after planting) i.e: NTT, Teki, Sanggah, and Lumbu Kuning; medium period (111-131 days after planting) i.e.: Saigon, Lumbu Hijau, Krisik, Tawangmangu, and Ciwidey; and long period (more than 131 days after planting) i.e. Tiongkok. Plant height was varied between 9-26 cm. Plant height of Ciwidey and Tiongkok were relatively shorter than others, whereas diameter of Tawangmangu and Teki were relatively bigger than others. Total leaf number of Ciwidey (9 leaves) was lower than others (11-15 leaves). Based on yields and yield components, bulb weight of Tawangmangu and Krisik were higher than others, i.e. 66.67 g and 58.33 g/plant respectively, whereas Sanggah and NTT were lower than others, i.e. 23.67 g and 24. 33 g/plant. The high yield were performed by Tawangmangu and Lumbu Hijau, it reached 33.21 t/ha and 29.49 t/ha, respectively.

Sifat Inovasi dan Aplikasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Terpadu Kebun Jeruk Sehat dalam Pengembangan Agribisnis Jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat Hilmi Ridwan Kahmir; Agus ruswandi; - Winarno; Agus Muharam; - Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 18, No 4 (2008): Desember 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v18n4.2008.p%p

Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu buah jeruk di Indonesia, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura telah melaksanakan program penelitian dan pengkajian penerapan pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat (PTKJS) di beberapa provinsi sentra produksi jeruk. Pengelolaan terpadu kebun jeruk sehat meliputi (a) penggunaan bibit jeruk berlabel bebas penyakit, (b) pengendalian OPT terutama vektor penyakit CVPD, (c) sanitasi kebun yang baik, (d) pemeliharaan tanaman secara optimal, dan (e) konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui sifat inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang berpengaruh terhadap adopsi inovasi oleh petani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat, dari bulan April sampai Desember 2006, menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua inovasi teknologi PTKJS diadopsi oleh petani jeruk di Kabupaten Sambas. Inovasi teknologi yang tidak diadopsi oleh petani memiliki sifat inovasi yang berkategori nilai rendah. Inovasi teknologi tersebut adalah penggunaan perangkap kuning, penyiraman tanah dengan insektisida, penggunaan sex feromon, pemberongsongan, penyulaman dengan bibit berlabel, pemangkasan arsitektur, penyiraman tanaman dan pemanenan secara benar, serta konsolidasi pengelolaan kebun. Inovasi teknologi PTKJS yang sangat cepat diadopsi oleh petani adalah penyaputan batang menggunakan bubur (belerang) Kalifornia. Faktor nonteknis yang mempengaruhi adopsi teknologi PTKJS adalah kurang dukungan benih bermutu dari instansi berwenang, kurang dukungan penyediaan input produksi, khususnya belerang, rendahnya harga jual, dan kurangnya modal finansial petani.ABSTRACT. Ridwan, H.K., A. Ruswandi, Winarno, A. Muharam, and Hardiyanto. 2008. I��v��Innovation Characteristics and Technologies Application of Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid (ICMHCO) on the Development of Citrus Agribusiness in Sambas District, West Kalimantan. To increase production and quality of citrus in Indonesia, the Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development has conducted research and assessment program of ICMHCO in several provinces. Integrated Crop Management for Healthy Citrus Orchid consists of (a) labelled and free diseases planting materials use, (b) pests and diseases control especially for the CVPD vector, (c) good field sanitation, (d) optimum cultural practices, and (e) field management consolidation. The objectives of this research was to evaluate characteristics of ICMHCO innovatory technologies that affect the adoption of the innovations by the farmers. The research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, from April to December 2006, using survey method. The results showed that only a part of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were adopted by the citrus farmers in Sambas District. The non-adopted technologies generally have low value of technology characteristics. The technologies were labelled free diseases planting materials, yellow trap application, drenching with insecticide solutions, sex pheromon application, pruning, fruit wraping, irrigation and good harvesting practices. The innovatory technologies promptly adopted by the citrus farmers was California (sulphur) paste application. Non-technical factors that affect the adoption of the innovatory technologies of ICMHCO were less quality seed support institutionally, less support of production input from the proper institution especially for sulphur, low selling price and less financial capital of the farmers.

Kekerabatan Genetik Beberapa Spesies Jeruk Berdasarkan Taksonometri - Hardiyanto; E Mujiarto; E S Sulasmi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 3 (2007): September 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n3.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Metode karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada koleksi jeruk di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung sampai saat ini masih terbatas pada pengamatan morfologi. D� � � � � Dengan demikian, data yang diperoleh belum cukup untuk menggambarkan kekerabatan spesies jeruk, sebab deskripsinya belum menggambarkan karakter sebenarnya dari berbagai spesies jeruk yang dikoleksi. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh informasi mengenai karakter morfologi varietas-varietas lokal jeruk dari beberapa spesies dan menentukan kedudukan takson/kategori secara hierarki untuk varietas jeruk lokal. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi, Jurusan Biologi, Universitas Negeri Malang dan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Tlekung-Batu. Jeruk yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 3 spesies jeruk komersial masing-masing 3 varietas, yaitu Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cinakonde, Batu, dan Pulung), C. maxima Merr. (Nambangan, Sambas, dan Sri Nyonya), dan C. sinensis Osbeck. (Pacitan, Kupang, dan Punten). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan secara morfologi maupun anatomi diantara spesies jeruk dan varietas jeruk lokal. Tingkat kekerabatan genetik pada 3 spesies jeruk juga sangat rendah. Adapun nilai kekerabatan untuk variets jeruk lokal pada C. maxima merr, C. reticulata Blanco, dan C. sinensis Osbeck masing-masing adalah 68%, 54%, dan 47%. Namun demikian, varietas lokal Nambangan (C. maxima Merr) dan Cinakonde (C. reticulata Blanco) ternyata terpisah dari kelompoknya pada analisis klaster dan menunjukkan ciri-ciri yang berbeda. V� � � � � � � � � � � � Varietas jeruk lokal yang diteliti tidak semua dapat dikategorikan sebagai varietas. Secara hierarki Nambangan dan Cinakonde dapat dikategorikan sebagai varietas, sedangkan varietas jeruk lokal yang lain dikategorikan sebagai subspesies sebab tidak adanya karakter yang membedakan dari kelompoknya secara jelas.ABSTRACT. Hardiyanto, E. Mujiarto, and E.S. Sulasmi. 2007. Genetic Relationship Among Several Citrus Species Based on Taxonometry. Characterization method applied on citrus collection in Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, up to now was only based on morphological observation. Therefore, the obtained data have not really described the citrus relationship because the descriptions have not yet expressed the real characters of collected citrus species. The aim of this research was to obtain some information on morphological characteristics and a hierarchy taxon status of local varieties derived from several species. The research was carried out at Biology laboratorium, Malang University and Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute. Three citrus species with 3 varieties, respectively, were used in this research, those were Citrus reticulata Blanco (Cinakonde, Batu, and Pulung), C. maxima Merr. (Nambangan, Sambas, and Sri Nyonya), and C. sinensis Osbeck (Pacitan, Kupang, and Punten). The results indicated that there were morphological and anatomical different among citrus species as well as local citrus varieties. The level of genetic relationship among three citrus species was aslso very low. Moreover, the level of genetic relationship of local citrus varieties of C. maxima Merr, C. reticulata Blanco, and C. sinensis Osbeck was 68, 54, and 47%, repectively. Nevertheless, Nambangan (C. maxima Merr) and Cinakonde (C. reticulata Blanco) were separated from its group based on cluster analysis and showed different characters. It seems that not all citrus varieties studied were categorized as varieties. It was only Nambangan and Cinakonde were categorized as varieties, while other citrus varieties were categorized as subspecies because there was no different character identified within their groups.

THE COMMITMENT BHISMA’S IN ORDER POLITENESS - Hardiyanto
JURNAL IKADBUDI Vol 2, No 12 (2013): Jurnal Ikadbudi
Publisher : Fakultas Bahasa Seni dan Budaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/ikadbudi.v2i12.12100

The Bhisma is a puppet character who remained faithful to uphold their oath spoken. That, of course, can reflect to its executive officers, legislative, and judicial branches of the organizers of the state in Indonesia. With that reflection, the organizers must hold fast to the vows that have been spoken before assuming his job. Remain faithful to uphold the words of the oath or affirmation is a hallmark of the Javanese community. This value is as a reflection of ethnic identity in question to hold, because the value is regarded by Javanese contain values that can reconcile the communities, especially communities that have multiculturalism. A plural society we need to keep his peace, if the mutual interaction uphold their oath spoken. Those values are potential local knowledge needed to be conserved, and its conservation through learning in school. Keywords: value of politeness in politics to the characters Bhisma’s

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