<![CDATA[Infectious diseases remain a major cause of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significanthealthcare expenditure. However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of majorepidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. The vast terrains and extremegeo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viraldiseases. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspectsof human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases.The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseasesrange from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development ofstrengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. Viral pathogens are known tocause outbreaks that have epidemic and pandemic potential which would result in severe range of mortalityand Health care expenditure on a scale depending on the pathogenicity of the virus.]]>
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