Isolation and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from Halban Leaves (Vitex pinnata Linn) in Aceh

Mastura Mastura (Department of Chemical Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Samudra, Langsa)
Tonel Barus (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan)
Lamek Marpaung (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan)
Partomuan Simanjuntak (Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor)

Elkawnie
Vol 6, No 2 (2020)

Abstract: An isolation and identification of phenolic compounds from Halban Leaves (Vitex pinnata Linn), a traditional medicinal plant in Aceh, has been done. Halban leaves were extracted through methanol maceration followed by isolation. The methanol extract went into n-hexane and ethyl acetate partition consecutively resulting in 3 different fractions of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract.  The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the most promising antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Therefore, purification of ethyl acetate fraction was done by column chromatography [SiO2; (i) n-hexane-ethyl acetate 10:1, 1:1 ; (ii) n-hexane-ethyl acetate = 2 : 1); (iii) n-hexane-acetone = 1:1]. The pure isolate as identified by using UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectra afforded 2 phenolic compounds, namely (1) 4-hydroxymethyl benzoate and (2) p-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid (PHBA). The antioxidant activity of compound 1 and cytotoxicity activity of 2 expressed in IC50  and LD50 was 41.08 ppm and 59.41 ppm, respectively.Abstrak: Isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa fenolik dari Daun Halban (Vite xpinnata Linn) tanaman obat tradisional asal Aceh telah dilakukan. Isolasi ini dilakukan dengan cara mengekstraksi daun halban dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, Ekstrak metanol kemudian dipartiisi dengan n-heksan dan etilasetat secara berturut-turut  sehingga diperoleh  tiga  ekstrak yaitu ekstrak etil asetat, n-heksan dan air. Ekstrak etil asetat memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan dan juga toksisitas. Pemurnian dilanjutkan dengan  cara kromatografi kolom [SiO2; (i) n-heksan-etilasetat   10:1,  1:1 ; (ii) n-heksan-etilasetat = 2 : 1); (iii) n-heksan-aseton = 1:1] dan diperoleh isolat  murni. Isolat murni tersebut diidentifikasi berdasarkan interpretasi data spektra UV, IR, NMR dan MS. Hasil interpretasi data menunjukkan daun halban (V. pinnata Linn) mengandung dua senyawa fenolik yaitu (1) 4-hidroksi metil benzoat  dan (2) asam para hidroksi benzoat (PHBA). Senyawa 1  memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 = 41,08bpj dan senyawa 2 memiliki aktivitas toksisitas dengan nilai LC50 = 59,41.