<![CDATA[This article departs from Ibrahim Abu Rabi's criticism of the negative western view of Islam. Islam has been labeled by the west as radical, terrorist, anti-Western, anti-democratic and others. On the other hand, Abi Rabi' wants to show that there are complexities in Islam, one of which is because of colonialism. As a result, there were various Islamic responses to colonialism. Abu Arabi' noted that there were three responses, namely modernization, nationalism, and religious revivalism. He saw the emergence of Islamic movements as a response to colonialism in several Muslim countries that failed to create good modernization, such as education and democracy. To open up modernization, especially in Islamic education, Abu Rabi' offers a historical criticism approach by understanding inclusive theology, the dominance of texts and religion as social-anthropological facts. The combination of these various approaches becomes Abu Rabi's offer as a historical critique of Islam.]]>
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