Penentuan Interval Pemberian Air Tanaman Bawang Putih berdasarkan Nilai Evapotranspirasi (Determination of Interval Garlic Irrigation based on Evapotranspiration Value)

nFN Harmanto (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran)
Ika Cartika (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran)
Rofik Sinung Basuki (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran)
Agnofi Merdeka Efendi (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran)
Nikardi Gunadi (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran)

Jurnal Hortikultura
Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021

Kebutuhan air tanaman dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi. Bawang putih untuk bisa tumbuh optimal memerlukan kebutuhan air yang cukup, baik dari segi volume ataupun ketepatan waktu pemberian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari waktu atau interval pemberian air yang tepat pada tanaman bawang putih agar mencapai pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 bertempat di IP2TP Margahayu Lembang, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian air berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi dengan interval penyiraman : (a) 2 hari sekali, (b) 3 hari sekali, (c) 4 hari sekali, (d) 5 hari sekali, (e) 6 hari sekali, serta (f) perlakuan kontrol, yaitu pemberian air cara petani tidak berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi, diberikan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interval pemberian air 2, 3, dan 4 hari sekali berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi memberikan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot umbi segar dan kering, diameter umbi, dan panjang siung lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Penyiraman 4 hari sekali dapat dilakukan pada budidaya bawang putih untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil serta efisiensi tenaga, waktu, dan biaya.KeywordsBawang putih; Evapotranspirasi; Interval irigasi; Irigasi tanamanAbstractPlant water requirements can be determined based on the evapotranspiration value. To be able to grow optimally, garlic requires sufficient water needs both in terms of volume and the timing of irrigation. The study was aimed at obtain the right time or frequency of water application to garlic plants in order to achieve optimal growth and production. The research was conducted from May to September 2020 at IP2TP Margahayu Lembang Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of giving water based on the evapotranspiration value with watering intervals : (a) 2 days, (b) 3 days, (c) 4 days, (d) 5 days, (e) 6 days, and (f) control treatment, namely giving water by farmers not based on the value of evapotranspiration, given every 2 days. The results showed that the interval of giving water 2, 3, and 4 days based on the evapotranspiration value gave the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stover dry weight, fresh and dry tuber weight, tuber diameter and clove length higher than the control treatment. Irrigation every 4 days can be done on garlic cultivation to increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency ofenergy, time, and cost.