Pathogenesis Aspects of Microvascular Complications in Diabetic Retinopathy: Narrative Literature Review

Olga Simó-Servat (Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain / Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain)
Cristina Hernández (Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain / Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain)
Rafael Simó (Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain / Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), Madrid, Spain)

Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports

Chronic hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes mellitus can cause changes that result in chronic complications, both macrovascular and microvascular. There are several mechanisms thought to cause microvascular damage and retinopathy in diabetes, namely the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), activation of protein kinase C (PKC), oxidative stress, and increased activity of the hexosamine pathway.