Gamma-Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose as a Three-Dimensional Scaffold for Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Farah Nurlidar (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)
Mime Kobayashi (Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan)
Ade Lestari Yunus (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)
Rika Heryani (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)
Muhamad Yasin Yunus (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)
Tita Puspitasari (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)
Darmawan Darwis (Center for Research and Technology of Isotopes and Radiation Application, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya No. 49, Jakarta Selatan 12440, Indonesia)

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Vol 22, No 3 (2022)

The effect of gamma-irradiation on bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated in terms of improving its properties as scaffolds for tissue engineering. BC pellicles were exposed to 25, 50, and 75 kGy gamma-ray irradiation, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the crystallinity of the BC decreased as stronger irradiation accelerated BC’s degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the irradiated BC revealed the appearance of a new peak at 1724 cm–1, indicating the formation of a new carbonyl group due to the cleavage of glycosidic linkages of the BC. Rat bone marrow stromal cells seeded on the gamma-irradiated BC incubated in an osteogenic medium for 14 days produced calcium, a late marker for osteogenic differentiation, as shown by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Gamma-irradiated BC with higher irradiation doses showed intense ARS staining indicating higher calcium deposition. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using gamma-irradiated BC as a cytocompatible 3D scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.