Persepsi, Stigma, dan Perilaku Ketidakpatuhan Pencegahan COVID-19 Pada Masyarakat Wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2020: Pendekatan Health Belief Model

Nurul Fadhillah Kundari (Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta,)
Halwa Ainaya Addiina (Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta,)
Hoirun Nisa (Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Vol 32 No 1 (2022)

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread in various parts of Indonesia. East Java Province is listed as one of the provinces with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceptions, stigma, and non-compliance behavior in preventing COVID-19 through a health belief model approach in the people of East Java Province. This cross-sectional study used voluntary sampling technique by distributing online questionnaires. This research took place in September – November 2020. The people of East Java province who participated were 420 respondents. The proportion of respondents who are not compliant in preventing COVID-19 is 57.4%. The results of the multivariate analysis showed a relationship between perceptions of contracting COVID-19 (OR=2.067; 95% CI=1.304 - 3.276), perceptions of barriers to preventing COVID-19 (OR=2.306; 95% CI= 1.151 - 4.621), perceptions of action cues (OR=1.968; 95% CI= 1.281 – 3.024), perceived severity of COVID-19 (OR=1.158; 95% CI 0.728 – 1.841), stigma (OR=1.467; 95% CI=0.595 – 3.615), gender (OR = 2.305; 95% CI = 1.388 – 3.828, high school education equivalent (OR =1.735; 95% CI = 1.100 – 2.734) with non-compliance behavior to prevent COVID-19. We concluded that non-compliance behavior in preventing COVID-19 was associated with the perception of being infected, the perception of obstacles, and the perception of action cues related to COVID-19. This study highlighted the necessity of COVID-19 education to improve community compliance in preventing COVID-19 through collaborative efforts by local government and stakeholders. Abstrak Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah menyebar di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Provinsi Jawa Timur tercatat sebagai salah satu provinsi dengan jumlah kasus COVID-19 tertinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan persepsi, stigma dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19 melalui pendekatan health belief model pada masyarakat Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan teknik voluntary sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring. Penelitian ini berlangung pada September – November 2020. Masyarakat provinsi Jawa Timur yang berpartisipasi berjumlah 420 responden. Proporsi responden yang tidak patuh dalam melakukan pencegahan COVID-19 sebesar 57,4%. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara persepsi tertular COVID-19 (OR=2,067; CI 95%= 1,304 - 3,276), persepsi hambatan melakukan pencegahan COVID-19 (OR=2,306; CI 95%= 1,151 - 4,621), persepsi isyarat tindakan (OR=1,968; CI 95%= 1,281 – 3,024), persepsi keparahan (OR=1,158; CI 95% 0,728 – 1,841), stigma (OR=1,467; CI 95%=0,595 – 3,615), jenis kelamin (OR=2,305; CI 95%= 1,388 – 3,828), tingkat pendidikan SMA sederajat (OR=1,735; CI 95%= 1,100 – 2,734) dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19. Disimpulkan bahwa persepsi tertular, persepsi hambatan, dan persepsi isyarat tindakan terkait COVID-19 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik dengan perilaku ketidakpatuhan pencegahan COVID-19. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perlu ditingkatkan edukasi COVID-19 yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah setempatdengan menjalin kerjasama lintas sektor untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan masyarakat dalam melakukan pencegahan COVID-19.