Al-Ahkam
Volume 22, Nomor 2, Oktober 2012

REKONSTRUKSI MAKNA MURTAD DAN IMPLIKASI HUKUMNYA

Rahman ibn Smith, Abdrurr ( Bagian Fatwa Masjid Besar Kauman Semarang)



Article Info

Publish Date
17 Mar 2015

Abstract

Riddah dimaknai oleh ulama fiqh sebagai orang yang keluar dari Islam. Hukumannnya adalah dibunuh berdasarkan hadits “man baddala dīnahu faqtulūh.” Pemahaman tersebut berbeda dengan gambaran al-Qur’an dalam ayat-ayat terkait yang justru memberikan hukuman yang tidak satu pun bersifat fisik, melainkan non fisik. Ayat-ayat al-Qur’an tersebut adalah: al-Hajj: 11, al-Maidah: 54, al-Nahl: 106, al-Nisa: 137, ali Imran: 86, dan al-Baqarah: 217. Telaah atas ayat-ayat al-Quran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tidak satu pun teks secara ṣāriḥ-lafẓiyyah yang mengarah kepada sikap agresif dan emosional terhadap pelaku riddah. Sebaliknya, al-Qur’an menegaskan sanksinya bersifat eskatalogis; dan menegasikan sanksi fisik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menawarkan upaya rekonstruksi makna riddah dan implikasi hukumnya. Dengan pendekatan historis, yuridis filosofis, ideologis dan komparatif terhadap makna yang terdapat dalam al-Qur’an, hadits, dan sosio-historis yang terkait dengan riddah, rekonstruksi terhadap makna riddah semestinya menjadi lebih humanis, komprehensif dan sesuai maqasid syari’ahnya.***Riddah interpreted by fuqaha as those who leave Islam. The punishment was killed based on hadith “man baddala dīnahu faqtulūh.” That understanding is different from the description of the Quran in the related verses that actually gives punishment neither physical, but non-physical. Those verses are: al-Hajj: 11, al-Maidah: 54, al-Nahl: 106, al-Nisa: 137, ali Imran: 86, and al-Baqarah: 217. Study of the verses of the Qur’an shows that none of the text with ṣāriḥ-lafẓiyyah approach that lead to aggressive and emotional attitude to the suspect of riddah. On the other hand the Qur’an asserted that the type of the punishment is eskatalogic; and negates physical punishments.This qualitative research will intends to make reconstruction of riddah meaning and its legal implications. With a historical approach, juridical, philosophical, ideological and comparative of the riddah meaning contained in the Koran, hadith, and socio-historical perspective, then the reconstruction of the meaning of riddah should be understood to be more humane, comprehensive, and in accordance with maqāsid sharīah.***Keywords: riddah, jināyah, implikasi hukum, sanksi hukum

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ahkam

Publisher

Subject

Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

Description

Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for ...