TRANSFORMASI PEMIKIRAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM SYEKH NAWAWI AL-BANTANI KE DALAM KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM

Suwarjin Suwarjin (IAIN Bengkulu Jl. Raden Fatah km. 10 Pagar Dewa Bengkulu)

Qiyas: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Peradilan
Vol 5, No 2 (2020): OKTOBER

AbstrakSejak Indonesia merdeka, transformasi hukum Islam ke dalam sistem hukum nasional telah menjadi cita-cita hukum umat Islam Indonesia. Hal ini sesuai dengan kenyataan bahwa mayoritas penduduk Indonesia beragama Islam. Karena itu hukum yang mengatur urusan mereka harus sejalan dengan keyakinan agama mereka. Untuk mewujudkan cita-cita tersebut, selama kemerdekaan hingga sekarang telah diundangkan sejumlah undang-undang yang merepresentasikan kebutuhan hukum mereka, seperti  Undang-Udang Perkawinan, undang-undang zakat, udang-undang haji, udang-undang perbankan Syari’ah dan undang-undang Jaminan Produk Halal. Dalam penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut kitab-kitab fikih menjadi bahan hukum  pimer  dalam  perumusan pasal-pasal peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Selain dalam bentuk undang-undang, produk hukum yang sangat penting dalam praktik hukum di Indonesia adalah Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Kompilasi Hukum Islam menjadi hukum materiil di lingkungan Peradilan Agama berdasarkan Instruksi Presiden nomor 1 tahun 1991. Sejumlah pasal dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam ditransformasikan dari kitab Syarh Uqūd al-Lujain fī Bayān Ḥuqūq al-Zaujain, karya Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani. Kitab ini dikaji di pesantren-pesantren sejak lebih dari seratus tahun lalu, karena itu pengaruhnya dalam praktik hukum keluarga Muslim tradisional sangat besar. Namun, akhir-akhir ini kitab tersebut banyak  digugat sejumlah pegiat gender, karena dipandang mengandung bias gender. Penelitian ini membahas  dua permasalahan, yaitu: (1) Konstruksi pemikiran hukum keluarga Islam dari Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani dalam kitab Syarh Uqūd al-Lujain dan (2) pengaruh pemikirannya tersebut dalam serapan  Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia. Dengan  menggunakan pendekatan Sejarah Pemikiran, diperoleh kesimpulan: (1)  Konstruksi pemikiran hukum Keluarga Islam al-Bantani bercorak tradisional.  Konstruksi pemikirannya mencerminkan genealogi pemikiran yang berkembang pada masanya. (2) Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam terdapat  4 pasal yang terdiri dari 10 ayat  diserap langsung dari kitab Syarḥ‘Uqūd al-Lujain karya  al-Bantani. Kata Kunci: Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani, Transformasi, Kompilasi Hukum Islam.  AbstractSince Indonesia's independence, the transformation of Islamic law into a national legal system has been the ideal of Indonesian Muslim law. This is consistent with the fact that the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim. Therefore the laws governing their affairs must be in line with their religious beliefs. To realize these ideals, during independence until now a number of laws that represented their legal needs had been enacted, such as the Marriage Shrimp Law, the Zakat Law, the Hajj Law, the Shari'ah Banking Law and the Law on Sharia Banking. Halal Product Guarantee. In the drafting of these statutory regulations the fiqh books become the primary legal material in the formulation of articles of the statutory regulations. Apart from being in the form of laws, a very important legal product in legal practice in Indonesia is the Compilation of Islamic Law. Compilation of Islamic Law into material law within the Religious Courts based on Presidential Instruction number 1 of 1991. A number of articles in the Compilation of Islamic Law were transformed from the book Syarh Uqūd al-Lujain fī Bayān Ḥuqūq al-Zaujain, by Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani. This book has been studied in Islamic boarding schools for more than a hundred years, therefore its influence in the practice of traditional Muslim family law is enormous. However, recently the book has been challenged by a number of gender activists, because it is considered to contain gender bias. This study discusses two problems, namely: (1) The construction of Islamic family law thought from Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani in the book Syarh Uqūd al-Lujain and (2) the influence of his thoughts on the uptake of the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia. By using the Historical Thought approach, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The construction of the legal thought of the Islamic family of al-Bantani is a traditional style. The construction of thought reflects the genealogy of thought that developed in its time. (2) In the Compilation of Islamic Law, there are 4 articles consisting of 10 verses which are taken directly from the book Syarḥ'Uqūd al-Lujain by al-Bantani. Keywords: Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani, Transformation, Compilation of Islamic Law.