Parametric Study and Characterization of Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn) Natural Red Colorant Extract with Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction Method

Yuyun Yuniati (Department of Chemistry, Ma Chung University, Malang 65151, Indonesia)
Dhiya Dini Azmi (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)
Eric Nurandriea (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)
Lailatul Qadariyah (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)
Mahfud Mahfud (Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia)

ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering
Vol 23, No 1 (2023)

In this study, the optimization and characterization of the colorant extraction process from sappan wood were carried out using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Sappan is proposed as a source of natural material wealth, producing a natural red colorant that is being needed by the community in the food sector. Based on this research, the optimum operating conditions for the extraction of sappan wood were obtained using a frequency of 40 kHz, a temperature of 60 °C, a ratio of 0.0050 g mL-1, an extraction time of 20 min, and the use of 60% ethanol solvent. Sappan wood extract created a yellow to reddish orange color at acidic pH (2-6), red at neutral pH (7) and shifted towards purplish red with increasing pH. The extract was qualitatively positive containing quinone, flavonoid, quinone, and tannin compounds, as well as several phenolic compounds detected in the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy qualitative test.