Molecular Identification of Several Morphologically Distinct Flowerhorn Fish (Family) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene Marker

Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari (Genetics and Fish Breeding Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Biotechnology Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Himawan Achmad (Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Yogyakarta, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia)
Hafit Rahman (Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Yogyakarta, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia)
Harya Bimasuci (Biotechnology Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Vol 8, No 2 (2023): August

Flowerhorn fish has been known as a breed of fish produced by artificial hybridization between several cichlid fish. Other ornamental cichlid fish generally known to be crossed to make flowerhorn variant includes Amphilophus citrinelus, Amphilophus labiatus, Vieja melanurus, and Amphilophus trimaculatus. Our study identified a variety of flowerhorn samples with distinct morphotypes, dubbed as Cencu (LH1CC), Kamfa (LH2KF), Thai Silk (LH3TS), Kirin (LH4KR), Parrot (LH5PR), and Vieja (LH6VJ) using mtDNA COI-based DNA barcoding. Molecular analysis and phylogenetics showed that all sample had 0% genetic divergence and conspecific with A. trimaculatus sequence. Hence, we concluded that despite having varied morphotypes, all flowerhorn samples were identified as A. trimaculatus and were a variation of flowerhorn from A. trimaculatus lineage. The findings should be used as a precaution as the fish is identified as an invasive species.