<![CDATA[Bullish and bearish phenomena characterize the development of the capital market. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze bullish and bearish conditions in the Indonesian capital market to formulate an optimal portfolio. The sample consisted of 20 selected companies based on their substantial market capitali- zation. The results showed that from January 2011 to December 2020, the capital market experienced 77 bullish and 43 bearish months. The transition probability from bullish to bearish and bearish to bullish state was 15.67% and 56.14%. Furthermore, employing the Markov-switching model for determining market conditions and using the Black-Litterman model for portfolio construction proved advantageous for investors' financial forecasting techniques and their potential to generate valuable insights to create a well-informed portfolio.]]>
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