Volatile Organic Compounds and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts from the Leaves of Grewia bulot

Ty Viet Pham (Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)
Duc Viet Ho (Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, 06 Ngo Quyen, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)
Anh Tuan Le (Mien Trung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VAST, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang Street, Thua Thien Hue 530000, Vietnam)
Y Duy Ngo (Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)
Nhan Thi Thanh Dang (Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)
Thang Quoc Le (Faculty of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)
Bao Chi Nguyen (Department of Science, Technology and International Relations, Hue University, 04 Le Loi, Hue City 530000, Vietnam)

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Vol 23, No 5 (2023)

This research aims to determine the volatile compounds present in Grewia bulot leaf extracts and evaluate their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The volatile constituents of the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were identified by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the former were neophytadiene (18.2%), methyl palmitate (14.4%), methyl linoleate (9.7%), β-sitosterol (4.5%), and methyl stearate (3.4%), while those in the latter were palmitic acid (9.8%), hexadecane (7.4%), octadecane (6.0%), neophytadiene (5.3%), and 2-tert-butoxyethanol (5.3%). The cytotoxicities of the extracts were examined against four human cancer cell lines (SK-LU-1, Hep-G2, MCF-7, and KB), while their antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts displayed weak activity against these cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 90.60 ± 3.49 to 98.27 ± 2.77 µg/mL. All extracts showed antioxidant activities, and the methanol extract exhibited the strongest at an SC50 value of 9.39 ± 0.90 µg/mL. This is the first report on the volatile constituents and bioactivities of G. bulot leaf extracts, suggesting their potential application as antioxidants.