<![CDATA[Standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most common and practical application in remote areas and communities far from the power grid. However, in the case of supplying a pulsating load with only a battery as a storage unit, their performance degraded. Therefore, hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems represent a viable solution. This paper investigates the impact of utilizing a supercapacitor (SC) to work cooperatively with a battery storage unit to enhance the overall system behavior. Two scenarios of battery storage systems with/without SC are considered. A comprehensive modeling and sizing approach is established and presented in detail. Then, an energy management system (EMS) is proposed to enhance the HEES system’s performance. A proportional-integral (PI)-based controller is designed and examined to control the power electronic converters and hence improve energy management. The HEES system operation is simulated and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink to feed a pulsating load, where the drawn pulsated load current is composed of two components: one component is supplied by battery, and the other component is fed from SC. Finally, the performance of the two hybrid configurations is evaluated in terms of battery voltage and current fluctuations, transient response, and load voltage and current ripples. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of introducing SCs into HEES system.]]>
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