<![CDATA[Nonparametric regression is a statistical method used to model relationships between variables without making strong assumptions about the functional form of the relationship. Nonparametric regression models are flexible and can capture complex relationships that may not be adequately represented by simple parametric forms. Spline is one of the approaches used in nonparametric regression. Splines have the disadvantage of having to use optimal nodes in the data. Therefore, this article discusses the retrieval of optimal knot points using the generalized cross-validation method in the nonparametric bi-response spline regression model. The research results showed that the generalized-cross validation method is the best method for selecting nodes from other methods such as CV, AIC, BIC, RSS, or a more explicit validation-based approach method because of the development of the Cross Validation (CV) method which automatically selects the optimal number of nodes based on the balance between bias and variance. The process of optimizing knot points with Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) on bi-response spline nonparametric regression is implemented using Python can provide optimization at optimal knot points. Based on the results of the generalized cross-validation model analysis, it is concluded that GCV can effectively optimize knot points for spline fitting, ensuring a balanced and efficient model in capturing data patterns without overfitting.]]>
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