Kajian Ontologi Peran dan Posisi Pestisida Kimia Sintetik dalam Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Muthahanas, Irwan
Sarjan, Muhammad

Empiricism Journal
Vol. 5 No. 2: December 2024

Pertanian berkelanjutan telah menjadi prioritas global dalam menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim, degradasi lahan, dan ketahanan pangan. Meskipun penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik efektif dalam meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian, dampaknya terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan, dan keanekaragaman hayati menimbulkan kekhawatiran serius. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi dan peran pestisida kimia sintetik dalam sistem pertanian berkelanjutan melalui pendekatan ontologis. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan metode Literatur Review menggunakan publikasi ilmiah dari tahun 2018-2024. untuk mengeksplorasi dampak ekologis, kesehatan, dan sosial dari penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik, serta membandingkannya dengan alternatif ramah lingkungan seperti biopestisida dan pengendalian hayati. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pestisida kimia sintetik memiliki dampak kompleks terhadap kestabilan ekosistem dan biodiversitas, termasuk penurunan populasi mikroorganisme tanah hingga 40-60%, gangguan pada fauna tanah sebesar 35%, dan penurunan keragaman serangga polinator sampai 40% dalam lima tahun. Analisis komparatif mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun pestisida kimia sintetik memiliki efektivitas pengendalian hama 85-90%, metode pengendalian alternatif yang ramah lingkungan menunjukkan potensi signifikan dengan efektivitas 60-75% disertai keuntungan ekologis substansial. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan transformasi sistem pertanian melalui implementasi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu, pengembangan kapasitas petani, inovasi pestisida alternatif, reformasi kebijakan, dan adopsi teknologi ramah lingkungan untuk mewujudkan pertanian berkelanjutan. Ontological Study of The Role Nnand Position of Synthetic Chemical Pesticides in Sustainable AgricultureAbstractSustainable agriculture has become a global priority in addressing the challenges of climate change, land degradation, and food security. Although the use of synthetic chemical pesticides is effective in increasing agricultural productivity, its impacts on the environment, health, and biodiversity raise serious concerns. This article aims to analyze the position and role of synthetic chemical pesticides in sustainable agricultural systems through an ontological approach. This study was conducted using the Literature Review method using scientific publications from 2018-2024. to explore the ecological, health, and social impacts of the use of synthetic chemical pesticides, and compare them with environmentally friendly alternatives such as biopesticides and biological control. The results of the analysis show that the use of synthetic chemical pesticides has complex impacts on ecosystem stability and biodiversity, including a decrease in soil microorganism populations by 40-60%, disturbances in soil fauna by 35%, and a decrease in insect pollinator diversity by 40% in five years. The comparative analysis revealed that although synthetic chemical pesticides have an 85-90% pest control effectiveness, environmentally friendly alternative control methods show significant potential with an effectiveness of 60-75% with substantial ecological benefits. This study recommends transformation of agricultural systems through the implementation of Integrated Pest Management, farmer capacity development, innovation of alternative pesticides, policy reform, and adoption of environmentally friendly technologies to realize sustainable agriculture.